1.0China Media Projecthttps://chinamediaproject.orgStella Chenhttps://chinamediaproject.org/author/stella-chen/rich600338<blockquote class="wp-embedded-content" data-secret="w2oAOWVKS1"><a href="https://chinamediaproject.org/the_ccp_dictionary/keyboard-warrior/">Keyboard Warrior</a></blockquote><iframe sandbox="allow-scripts" security="restricted" src="https://chinamediaproject.org/the_ccp_dictionary/keyboard-warrior/embed/#?secret=w2oAOWVKS1" width="600" height="338" title="“Keyboard Warrior” — China Media Project" data-secret="w2oAOWVKS1" frameborder="0" marginwidth="0" marginheight="0" scrolling="no" class="wp-embedded-content"></iframe><script type="text/javascript"> /*! This file is auto-generated */ !function(c,d){"use strict";var e=!1,o=!1;if(d.querySelector)if(c.addEventListener)e=!0;if(c.wp=c.wp||{},!c.wp.receiveEmbedMessage)if(c.wp.receiveEmbedMessage=function(e){var t=e.data;if(t)if(t.secret||t.message||t.value)if(!/[^a-zA-Z0-9]/.test(t.secret)){for(var r,a,i,s=d.querySelectorAll('iframe[data-secret="'+t.secret+'"]'),n=d.querySelectorAll('blockquote[data-secret="'+t.secret+'"]'),o=0;o<n.length;o++)n[o].style.display="none";for(o=0;o<s.length;o++)if(r=s[o],e.source===r.contentWindow){if(r.removeAttribute("style"),"height"===t.message){if(1e3<(i=parseInt(t.value,10)))i=1e3;else if(~~i<200)i=200;r.height=i}if("link"===t.message)if(a=d.createElement("a"),i=d.createElement("a"),a.href=r.getAttribute("src"),i.href=t.value,i.host===a.host)if(d.activeElement===r)c.top.location.href=t.value}}},e)c.addEventListener("message",c.wp.receiveEmbedMessage,!1),d.addEventListener("DOMContentLoaded",t,!1),c.addEventListener("load",t,!1);function t(){if(!o){o=!0;for(var e,t,r,a=-1!==navigator.appVersion.indexOf("MSIE 10"),i=!!navigator.userAgent.match(/Trident.*rv:11\./),s=d.querySelectorAll("iframe.wp-embedded-content"),n=0;n<s.length;n++){if(!(r=(t=s[n]).getAttribute("data-secret")))r=Math.random().toString(36).substr(2,10),t.src+="#?secret="+r,t.setAttribute("data-secret",r);if(a||i)(e=t.cloneNode(!0)).removeAttribute("security"),t.parentNode.replaceChild(e,t);t.contentWindow.postMessage({message:"ready",secret:r},"*")}}}}(window,document); </script> https://chinamediaproject.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/09/CMP-dictionary-KEYBOARD.jpg22001238For nearly a decade, the term “keyboard warrior,” or jiànpánxiá (键盘侠), has referred in China to people who use their computer keyboards (or their mobile screens) as weapons to make abusive or aggressive online posts on various social or political issues without revealing their real identities. The term has often been used by state media to criticize those who speak up online without acting with a sense of justice when facing real-life situations, as well as those who, even by voicing legitimate criticisms, are seen to unfairly criticize the Party-state. Contrasting with the domestic associations of the “keyboard warrior” in China, the term has come to refer outside the country, including in Western media reports, to online Chinese nationalists who patrol social media platforms to uncover instances of what they regard as unpatriotic comments or behaviour, often from celebrities, public intellectuals or foreign companies and brands.