Author: David Bandurski

Now Executive Director of the China Media Project, leading the project’s research and partnerships, David originally joined the project in Hong Kong in 2004. He is the author of Dragons in Diamond Village (Penguin), a book of reportage about urbanization and social activism in China, and co-editor of Investigative Journalism in China (HKU Press).

A Record of Change in China’s Media (中国传媒风云录)

Preface:
“Three Decades in China: Two Reforms”
By Ying Chan
Chapter One:
“Gradual Reform in China’s Media”
By Yang Jisheng
Chapter Two:
“Launching Southern Weekend”
By Zuo Fang
Chapter Three:
“Ten Years at Caijing magazine”
By Hu Shuli
Chapter Four:
“A History of Southern Metropolis Daily”
By Cheng Yizhong
Chapter Five:
“Chinese Media in the Storm of Political Reform”
By Qian Gang
Chapter Six:
“Building and Reforming China”
By Chen Ziming
Chapter Seven:
“Pitfalls and Obstacles to a Press Law in China”
By Sun Xupei
Chapter Eight:
“Thirty Years of Legal Development in China’s Media”
By Wei Yongzheng
Chapter Nine:
“Press Libel in China”
By Pu Zhiqiang
Chapter Ten:
“Blogs in China”
By Hu Yong
Chapter Eleven:
“The Chinese Journalist and the Problem of History”
By Lu Yuegang
Chapter Twelve:
“Pushing Ahead Toward Freedom of Speech”
By Li Datong
Chapter Thirteen:
“Watchdog Journalism in China Since 2001”
By Zhan Jiang

Political Reform and China’s Media (中国传媒与政治改革)

Preface:
What Direction is China’s Media Heading?
PART ONE
“From Liu Binyan to the Freezing Point Affair”
“A Record of Press Restrictions”
“Comments on the News Commentary Group of the Propaganda Department”
“May Our Vision Cut Through the Mist”
“The Joys and Sorrows of Dandelion”
“The Death of A Newspaper Man”
“Media Reform with Chinese Characteristics”
“Where is the Guilt in ‘A Record of the Tides’?”
“Viewing Political Reform through the 17th National Congress”
“Chinese Media in the Storm of Political Reform”
PART TWO
“The Story of the Red Heart”
“A Chronicle of the Launching of Lifeweek”
“Recollections of Germany”
“What Can You See?”
“An Oral History of ‘News Probe’”
“Southern Weekend and Reform in China’s Media”
PART THREE
“Historical Questions: Lessons from the Papers of the Past”
“This is History, and Also News”
“Taiwanese Elections Through the Eyes of a Mainland Journalist”
“Reflections on Hong Kong”
“Remembering Party Newspaperman Liu Baiyu”
Acknowledgements and Thanks

Investigative Journalism in China

Despite persistent pressure from state censors and other tools of political control, investigative journalism has flourished in China over the last decade. This volume offers a comprehensive, first-hand look at investigative journalism in China, including insider accounts from reporters behind some of China’s top stories in recent years. While many outsiders hold on to the stereotype of Chinese journalists as docile, subservient Party hacks, a number of brave Chinese reporters have exposed corruption and official misconduct with striking ingenuity and often at considerable personal sacrifice. Subjects have included officials pilfering state funds, directors of public charities pocketing private donations, businesses fleecing unsuspecting consumers – even the misdeeds of journalists themselves.
These case studies address critical issues of commercialization of the media, the development of ethical journalism practices, the rising specter of “news blackmail,” negotiating China’s mystifying bureaucracy, the dangers of libel suits, and how political pressures impact different stories. During fellowships at the Journalism & Media Studies Centre of the University of Hong Kong, these narratives and other background materials were fact-checked and edited by JMSC staff to address critical issues related to the media transitions currently under way in the PRC. This engaging narrative gives readers a vivid sense of how journalism is practiced in China.
–David Bandurski is a scholar at the University of Hong Kong’s China Media Project, a research and fellowship initiative of the Journalism & Media Studies Centre. Martin Hala has taught journalism at the Universities in Prague and Bratislava. –
Review on the Journalism and Media Studies Centre webpage (2010-08-23)
TABLE OF CONTENTS
INTRODUCTION
“The Journalism Tradition”
By Ying Chan
CHAPTER ONE
“The Danger of Libel: Wu Fang’s Search for Justice”
CHAPTER TWO
“Breaking Through the Silence: The Untold Story of the Henan AIDS Epidemic”
CHAPTER THREE
“The Kingdom of Lies: Unmasking the Demons of Charity”
CHAPTER FOUR
“Undercover Reporting: Ah Wen’s Nightmare”
CHAPTER FIVE
“The Journalist as Crusader: The Beijing Taxi Corruption Case”
CHAPTER SIX
“Media Corruption: Cashing in on Silence”
CHAPTER SEVEN
“Corruption Reporting: Mapping Li Zhen’s Rise to Power”
CHAPTER EIGHT
“Disaster Reporting: Where Does the Danger Come From”
CHAPTER NINE
“The Emergence of China’s Watchdog Reporting”
By Li Cho

China’s Bold Bloggers (中国猛博)

TABLE OF CONTENTS
Preface by Ying Chan
Lian Yue: the flexibility and tenacity of the hero of Xiamen PX — Blogging as a strategy in civil rights actions
Lian Yue, a freelance writer and columnist, emerged as a hero in the rights movement that gathered around opposition to a chemical project in the city of Xiamen in 2007. As the local government prepared to launch a major chemical plant in a residential area of Xiamen without the knowledge of most city residents, Lian Yue publicized the case through his blog and urged people to defend their rights through peaceful demonstration. The
 Xiamen government eventually postponed the PX project.
Ai Weiwei: In no man’s land — The art of remaking society through the personal weblog
Ai Weiwei is a famous Chinese artist and an outspoken social critic. Known to most in the West for his digitally-inspired sculpture and as a designer of Beijing’s Olympic stadium, the “Bird’s Nest,” Ai Weiwei is also a champion against injustice. In December 2008, seven months after the devastating earthquake in Sichuan, Ai entered the quake zone to gather information about students who had died as a result of shoddily built school buildings. Ai repeatedly published the results of his investigation into student deaths on three personal blog sites, all of which were eventually shut down by Chinese authorities.
Xu Zhiyong: all about action — a blogging force in a tide of civil rights actions
Lawyer Xu Zhiyong is a key figure in the rights defense arena in China. He was an important actor in the Sun Zhigang case, which in 2003 brought an end to China’s cruel system of detention and repatriation. As a law student that year, he wrote a petition to the People’s Congress calling for the abolition of China’s detention and repatriation law. Xu is now an active blogger, and most all of his blog entries are related to civil rights issues. Xu has defended Chinese petitioners illegally detained by police, and helped to organize parents whose children suffered the ill effects of poisoned milk in 2008.
Ran Yunfei: why so fierce? — The social conditions of fearless blogging
Ran is a bold and tireless blogger on current affairs issues. Since beginning of 2009, many of his China-based blogs have been shut down or blocked by authorities.
Tiger Temple: gazing past the peacock’s feathers — the adventures of citizen journalist at the grassroots
Tiger Temple’s blog, generally regarded as one of the most grassroots blogs in China, reveals the underside of Chinese society. Some have called Tiger Temple China’s first citizen journalist. One of his earliest reports, in November 2004, came after he witnessed a murder in Beijing’s Wangfujing district. In 2007, he traveled through China on his bicycle and documented the lives of China’s underprivileged. Tiger Temple later wrote about homeless people living around Beijing’s Tiananmen Square, and even arranged temporary housing for them. In 2008, he wrote about the harsh living conditions faced by migrant workers building Olympic facilities.
Li Xiaoguai: pictures worth a thousand words — the life of a small-town blogger
Li Xiaoguai blogs his social commentary on current events through comics and caricatures, bitterly attacking the injustices of the day.
Qian Liexian: the king of inside gossip — How a blogger gets hold of the scoops and reports them
Qian has become famous among Chinese bloggers as his columns, with a nose for inside information, have been re-posted across the Web by others. He covers politics and current affairs.
Luo Yonghao: a blog service under seige — the path of Bullog.cn
Luo is the founder of Bullog.cn, a site synonymous with outspoken Chinee weblogs. Luo was forced to register the service overseas in 2007 when the site’s mainland license was revoked. The site was hosted in exile until April 2008, when it was reopened at its original URL.
Chang Ping: battling on the Internet after suffering Internet attack — Daily resistance of online slander and Internet mob behavior
Chang Ping is one of China’s leading journalists. His 2008 commentary, “Tibet: Nationalist Sentiment and the Truth,” unleashed an outpouring of hostility last year. Since then, he has been very active on the Internet. In this book, he shares his reflections on the attacks he has suffered from Internet users since his 2008 editorial.
Wu Jiaxiang: a sailor from the halls of Zhongnanhai — Blog commentary at its highest level
Wu is widely regarded as one of China’s most mature political critics. His years of experience within the halls of power in China gives his writing great accuracy and acuity on both domestic and international affairs. Among other issues, he has written about the dangers of rising populism.
Yang Hengjun: I am a democracy huckster — blogging as a gateway between inside and outside the system
Formerly a diplomat, Yang has experienced and intimately understands democracy as it works in the West. This has turned him into a staunch advocate of universal values. In addition to blogging, Yang writes spy novels which are popular among people from all walks of life, from party officials to migrant workers.
Sha Yexin: the final dancing stage — Blogging by an independent intellectual
Playwrite Sha Yexin is one of the oldest members of China’s blogging elite. Through his blog, which is full of humor and wisdom, Sha shares his experiences and observations on history with younger Chinese readers.
Zeng Jinyan: the cry of the persecuted — blogs as a cry for political rescue
The wife of imprisoned dissident activist Hu Jia, Zeng became famous for a blog she faithful kept to document her husband’s disappearance at the hands of China’s national security officers. After the imprisonment of her husband, Zeng continued to speak out on her blog, offering support to families experiencing similar injustices.
Zhang Ming: how a blogger finds his style — a blogger’s niche and liberal criticism
Zhang Ming, a professor of politics and history at Renmin University of China, is one of China’s premier academic bloggers. He is an outspoken critic of problems in China’s higher education system.
Wang Xiaofeng: the king’s carnival — blogging for the post-80s generation
Wang Xiaofeng’s blog is one of the most popular in China among young Internet users. Two-thirds of Wang’s readers are under the age of 30. He covers a range of social issues with a characteristic irreverence. When Time magazine dubbed him a “person of the year” in 2006, it wrote: “He might be the most respected blogger in China, precisely because he respects almost nothing.”
Zhai Minglei: China’s one-man newspaper — Me Media, journalism’s third road
The former founder and editor-in-chief of Minjian, an independent magazine for China’s nascent civil society, Zhai Minglei turned to blogging after his magazine and then its website were shut down by authorities. Zhai’s answer was 1bao.org, what he calls a “one-man newspaper”, posting independent reports from China’s grassrooots. One of his first stories was about a violent illegal land seizure in the village of Longquan. In the aftermath of the Sichuan earthquake, he also offered in-depth coverage of the issue of quake forecasting, which had been prohibited by the Central Propaganda Department.

Zhang Ming

A professor in the political science department at Renmin University of China, Professor Zhang Ming is an expert on the history of political systems and rural politics in China. Professor Zhang is also well known for his commentaries for various Chinese media, and as an active blogger.

China's top watchdog reporter strikes again

By David Bandurski — CMP fellow Wang Keqin (王克勤), one of China’s foremost investigative reporters, fired off another major report in Wednesday’s edition of China Economic Times. Wang’s report, prominent on the front page of CET and covering a two-page spread inside as well, looks at how faulty vaccines administered in Shanxi Province have been responsible for the death of four children and resulted in serious illness and permanent injury for scores of others.
The report references national laws and regulations that stipulate responsibility for lapses in oversight of vaccine stocks, and also takes a hard look at how the abuse of 2005 legislation opening up the Type II vaccine (二类疫苗) market to commercial competitors led to the monopolization of the Shanxi market by an enterprise under the umbrella of the provincial health department, Beijing Huawei Era Pharmaceutical Biotechnology Co. Ltd. (北京华卫时代医药生物技术有限公司).
“The right to management of vaccine supplies throughout the whole of Shanxi was entrusted to the Huawei company!” one source in Wang Keqin’s story was quoted as saying.

[ABOVE: Wang Keqin’s vaccine story appears on the front page of China Economic Times, and covers to additional inside pages.]

China’s Ministry of Health responded to Wang Keqin’s report on Wednesday by saying it is looking into the situation. The same day, health authorities in Shanxi province denied that any conclusive evidence points to serious illness as a result of vaccinations.
Li Gui (李贵), the head of the disease control division of Shanxi’s Provincial Health Department, was quoted by the official Xinhua News Agency Wednesday as saying that China’s State Food and Drug Administration had previously sampled and tested vaccine stocks in Shanxi and that the province had to date received no reports indicating that groups had been adversely affected by vaccine injections.
The first English-language report on Wang’s story came from Reuters yesterday. The New York Times has a follow-up story today.
The International Federation of Journalists reported yesterday that the State Council Information Office, the primary body issuing propaganda directives for online media, has ordered the deletion of the China Economic Times story, and that the Central Propaganda Department issued a directive instructing traditional media to use only official releases from Xinhua News Agency.
CMP has not yet confirmed the central directives. But while a number of links to the story have been removed, it was still widely available this morning, including here at QQ, here at Phoenix Online, and here at Sina.com.
Commentaries on Wang’s report, principally from commercial newspapers, also seem readily available online.
The beginning portion of Wang’s story is translated below. And we post the Chinese in its entirety as well.

An Investigation Into Vaccinations that Went Horribly Wrong (山西疫苗乱象调查)
In Shanxi, close to 100 children have died of strange illnesses, been crippled or suffered from various other conditions. Their concerned parents have turned everywhere for help and borne immense burdens. Where is the root cause of tragic illnesses? These persistent parents have their own suspicions: “How can you get Japanese encephalitis once you’ve been vaccinated against it?” “Could the acute disseminated encephalomyelitis have been caused by the vaccination?” . . . They point their fingers directly at those agents that are meant to protect lives — the vaccines!
Where did things go wrong? Is it perhaps related to the fact that everyone must receive the vaccinations?
In Shanxi, what exactly went wrong with the vaccines that concern the personal safety of tens of thousands of children?
Close to 100 Children are Dead or Crippled from Unspecified Illnesses
INVESTIGATION ONE
Reporter Wang Keqin
“Farewell, my dear child!”
“Farewell, my dear child!”
31 year old peasant Wang Mingliang, from Shanxi’s Liulin County (柳林县), gazed upon his 9 month old son for the last time, then turned his body, already soaked through with rain, and left Beijing’s Fragrant Hills Park.
That was August 22, 2008.
At around 3am that day, after a struggle of more than six months, Wang Mingliang’s child died in a Beijing guesthouse after they had brought him to the city for urgent medical help. They carried his body to the nearby Fragrant Hills Park.
After leaving a letter urging passersby pleading for help in giving the boy a proper burial, Wang Mingliang returned to his home in Shanxi with his wife, who had “wept inconsolably for I don’t know how long.”
Four Children Die of Unspecified Illnesses
This child named Wang Xiao’er was Wang Mingliang’s only son. On November 24, 2007, Wang Mingliang had waited expectantly for [this child] “of my own flesh and blood.” On the day of the birth, the hospital administered BCG and HB vaccines. Immediately after the caesarean section, Wang’s wife underwent surgery for sterilization.
Not long after the first month, on the afternoon of January 2, 2008, a doctor from the Qinglong Village Clinic of Liulin Township in Liulin County, Yang Guilan, arrived at Wang Mingliang’s home to administer his second Hepatitis B vaccination.
One week later, “our child started having convulsions, and they happened all the time, so we thought he might be cold.”
One month later, “on the third day of the lunar new year, after he had his milk, he started vomiting. His eyes rolled back, and his face and body turned a bluish color.”
On the fourth day of the new year, about 1pm on February 10, 2008, the child was taken to Luliang City People’s Hospital for emergency treatment. The records from his admission read: “Fits of apnea, general weakness, pallor in the face, fits of seizure, fibrillation of the facial muscles and twitching of the mouth during [seizure] . . . ” The hospital issued a “Notice of Critical Illness.”
After 11 days of treatment, “They couldn’t control the seizures, and he had trouble breathing. Gao Lanfang, the deputy head of paediatrics, escorted our child to the Shanxi Provincial Children’s Hospital,” Wang Mingliang said.
The [local] clinic discharged their son after diagnosing him with pneumonia accompanied with toxic encephalopathy.
He had stayed at the Shanxi Provincial Children’s Hospital for 36 days when doctors said they had done all the tests they could and still could not determine the cause of the boy’s illness. On the night of March 26, 2008, the head of neurology at Shanxi Provincial Children’s Hospital, Hang Hongjie, and a nurse escorted the child to Peking University Number One Hospital, known to have the country’s top neurology department.
[Their son] had stayed six days at Peking University Number One Hospital when Xiong Hui, the doctor in charge of his case, told Wang Mingliang: “We cannot determine the cause of his illness. There’s nothing we can do. Why don’t you all go home.” The diagnosis at discharge was: “Epilepsy, with onset of full seizures and continuous state of partial seizures, caused by hereditary metabolic disease?”
“Western medicine won’t work, you need to try traditional Chinese medicine,” one relative said to Wang Mingliang, introducing him to TCM specialist Niu Zhigang at Beijing’s Fragrant Hill Hospital. But there was no way to arrange for their child to stay at the facility for treatment. So Wang Mingliang could only return home with his son, and arrange for him to be treated by Niu Zhigang remotely.
On August 15, 2008, seeing that their son’s condition had grown worse, Wang Mingliang and his wife carried him to Beijing’s Fragrant Hill Hospital. And, [said Wang], “this became the last stop in our son’s life.”
A List of Those Sick from Unspecified Illnesses
This reporter’s investigations revealed, in a journey from Tianzhen County far away in the northern part of Shanxi to Yuncheng City away in the south of the province, that aside from the death of the four children mentioned above, there were another 74 families whose children had become disabled as a result of illness, or had otherwise been severely impacted. This reporter conducted interviews with 36 of these families and discovered that they all had one thing in common — not long before the onset of sickness, [the children] had been vaccinated.
山西,近百名儿童不明病因致死、致残或引发各种后遗病症。家长伤心欲绝、四处求治、负担沉重。导致如此惨剧的病源何在?锲而不舍的患儿家长纷纷质疑:“接种了乙脑疫苗怎么又会得乙脑?”“急性播散性脑脊髓炎难道不是接种疫苗所致?”……矛头直指用来保障人民生命健康的——疫苗!
问题究竟出在哪里?难道真的和每个人都必须接种的疫苗有关?
在山西,事关千千万万儿童生命安全的疫苗到底出了什么问题?
近百孩子不明病因致死致残
  ——山西疫苗乱象调查之一
本报记者王克勤
“永别了!我的孩子”
“永别了!我的孩子。”
31岁的山西省柳林县农民王明亮,看了自己9个月的儿子最后一眼,拖着已被雨水淋透的身体离开了北京香山植物园。
这是发生在2008年8月22日的一幕。
当天凌晨3时许,王明亮将整整抢救了6个多月,最终死于进京求医招待所中的孩子送到就近的香山植物园。
在给路人留下一封请求帮忙安葬的信之后,王明亮带着“不知哭晕过多少次的”妻子,回了山西老家。
  四个孩子不明病因死亡
这个名叫王小儿的孩子,是王明亮唯一的儿子。2007年11月24日,王明亮盼来了“自己的命根子”。孩子出生当天,医院即为新生儿接种了卡介苗、乙肝疫苗。剖腹产子的同时妻子做了绝育手术。
孩子满月后不久,2008年1月2日下午,柳林县柳林镇青龙村卫生所医生杨桂兰来到王明亮家,为孩子接种了第二次乙肝疫苗。
一周后,“孩子开始抽搐,不断出现,我们以为可能孩子冷着了。”
一个月后,“大年初三的晚上,吃完奶后,孩子便开始呕吐,两个眼睛往上翻,脸上、身上发青。”
正月初四,即2008年2月10日1时许,孩子被送到吕梁市人民医院抢救。入院病历上写道:“继而呼吸暂停,微弱,面色灰白,频繁惊厥,发作时面肌颤动,口角抽动……”医院开出了《病危通知书》。
救治11天后,“控制不了抽搐,呼吸困难。儿科副主任高兰芳专程护送孩子到山西省儿童医院。”王明亮说。
该院的出院诊断为:吸入性肺炎伴中毒性脑病。
在山西省儿童医院住了36天后,医生讲,能做的检查都做了,就是找不到病因。2008年3月26日晚,山西省儿童医院神经内科主任医师韩红偕同一名护士,一路护送孩子赴国内神经内科最权威的北京大学第一医院。
  在北京大学第一医院住院6天后,主治医生熊晖通知王明亮:“我们也找不到病因,没有办法了,你们回家吧。”出院诊断:癫痫,多发性部分运动性发作,部分性发作持续状态,遗传代谢病?
  “西医不行,中医治!”有亲戚向王明亮推荐了北京香山医院的中医牛志刚,但无法安排孩子住院。王明亮只好带孩子回村,接受牛志刚医生的远程治疗。
  2008年8月15日,看到孩子病情恶化,王明亮与妻子一起抱着孩子来到北京香山医院。然而,“这成了孩子生命中最后的一站”。
  与王小儿一样,经历过“接种疫苗——抽搐、发烧等——救治——诊断不明——死亡”的孩子,在山西境内记者还发现了3人。
  他们分别是:长子县南陈乡善村的刘紫阳,来到这个世界仅仅8个月,便因“过敏性紫癜”死亡。还有阳泉市平定县县城南苑人家9号楼二单元的王仕超与阳泉市郊区义井镇泊里村的刘一,这两个男孩死亡时都仅仅三岁半。死亡的时间相差一年,一个是2008年10月死亡,另一个是翌年8月死亡。死前他们都曾被狗咬伤,均接种了狂犬疫苗,且都是在接种第4针次后,出现发烧、抽搐、呕吐等症状;均因抢救治疗无效死亡,医院给出的诊断结论均为“病毒性脑炎”。
  不明原因发病者名单
  记者从山西最北部的天镇县到最南边的运城市,纵横奔走,调查了解到,除上述4户家庭的孩子因病死亡外,还有74户家庭的孩子“因病致残或因病受重大影响”。记者先后访问了其中的36户,发现他们有一个共同特点,“发病前不久,均接种过疫苗。”
现将部分不明原因发病者名单呈现如下:
  燕燕(化名),女,2岁,家住大同市天镇县南河堡乡顾家湾村。目前不哭、不闹、不笑、不玩、不说、不会走路,“像个植物人一样”。
  强强(化名),男,8岁,家住吕梁市交口县回龙乡回龙村出租房。家人称孩子目前会不定时地抽风。
  君君(化名),男,5岁,家住柳林县县城出租房。医院诊断君君脑萎缩。
  晨晨(化名),男,4岁,家住太原市寇庄西路。目前后遗症癫痫。
  莉莉(化名),女,10岁,家住太原市小店区西温庄乡东温庄村。目前咬字不清,动作怪异,手、脚、头部常常不自觉抽动。
  妞妞(化名),女,3岁,家住壶关县龙泉镇大山南村。目前留下肢体活动困难后遗症。
  慧慧(化名),女,12岁,家住山西省高平市野川镇东沟村蒲沟。目前后遗症紫癜性慢性肾炎。
  靳中逸(化名),男,17岁,家住高平市三甲镇底池村。目前后遗症头痛,时不时地发作,怕异味刺激。
  玲玲(化名),女,16岁,家住临汾市洪洞县万安镇。目前后遗症癫痫。
  豪豪(化名),男,8岁,家住运城市垣曲县广场路7号。目前后遗症癫痫。
  蕊蕊(化名),女,2岁,家住运城市盐湖区解州镇。目前后遗症瘫痪。
  病因何在
  ——山西疫苗乱象调查之二
  本报记者王克勤
  有的孩子因病死亡,有的孩子因病致残,有的孩子依然存在着这样那样的后遗症。记者所采访过的家长们忧心忡忡,许多人四处求助,寻找孩子患病的原因,到底是什么造成了这些悲剧?
  “我几乎排除了所有可能的病因”
  王小儿死后,父亲王明亮开始查找儿子的死因,他向记者提出了自己的“排除法”:
  孩子发病后,先后就诊柳林当地、太原、北京多家医院,做了无数检查。先后排除了“孩子大脑损伤引发的原因”,颅脑核磁共振“未见异常”,还进行了遗传基因检查,均没有问题。“孩子出生近两个月时,都很健康。”“接种乙肝疫苗一周后,便开始抽搐了,找过的医院都查不明白,西医中医都救不了。”于是,王明亮将质疑的目标落到了疫苗上。
  经过四个月的苦苦努力,依然没有救活王小儿的北京香山医院中医大夫牛志刚,2010年2月22日接受本报记者采访时说:“这孩子发病的因素会很多,疫苗可能也会是一个诱因。”
  更多家庭的质疑
  在山西,不单单是王小儿的父亲王明亮,记者见到的死亡、致残、发病孩子的家长们都在质疑与求证。
  质疑之一:“接种乙脑疫苗何以又得乙脑?”
  记者采访中所见到的几个孩子,交口县回龙乡回龙村8岁的强强、运城市垣曲县广场路8岁的豪豪、高平市三甲镇底池村17岁的靳中逸,均是在接种了乙脑疫苗后发病,而后被确诊是得了乙型脑炎。
  强强的父亲高长宏对记者讲:“我们给孩子接种乙脑疫苗,就是为了预防乙型脑炎,结果一接种却得上了乙型脑炎。太荒唐了!”
  质疑之二:“急性播散性脑炎怎能与接种无关?”
  运城市盐湖区解州镇2岁的蕊蕊和临汾市洪洞县万安镇13岁的中学生玲玲,均在接种疫苗后产生不良反应,均诊断为“急性播散性脑脊髓炎”,并落下了后遗症。
  他们的家长张海霞、易文龙认为,急性播散性脑脊髓炎又称接种后脑炎,如接种疫苗后近期患该病,就不能排除接种与患病的因果关系。他们提出了接种疫苗异常反应与事故鉴定申请。
  山西省预防接种异常反应和事故鉴定小组组织调查鉴定,结论为:与接种疫苗无因果关系,属偶合病例。
  但是,运城市盐湖区疾病预防控制中心对蕊蕊的接种异常反应组织了相关调查。2009年2月24日,召开鉴定专家会议,得出结论为“不排除脊髓灰质炎疫苗衍生病毒病例”。
  质疑之三:“过敏性紫癜岂能与接种无关?”
  只有七个月的刘紫阳2007年1月19日接种了乙肝疫苗后,3月1日儿科大夫诊断为“过敏性紫癜”。其父刘云斌提出质疑。
  3岁的妞妞2008年8月8日接种了乙脑疫苗后,2008年9月22日突发病症,血小板减少,疑似紫癫、脑炎,而具体病因始终不明。其父贾海波提出质疑。
  12岁的慧慧2006年5月14日接种了麻疹、风疹联合疫苗后,2006年5月29日发病,诊断为过敏性紫癜。其父韦惠民提出质疑。
  质疑之四:“免疫接种变态反应岂能与疫苗无关?”
  4岁的晨晨接种百白破疫苗后,患“婴儿痉挛症”;其母田霞提出质疑;5岁的君君接种百白破疫苗后,脑萎缩,专家多次会诊没有断清病症,其父李常勤提出质疑;10岁的莉莉接种流感、流脑疫苗后,语言不清,动作怪异,手、脚、头部常常不自觉抽动。其父高径提出质疑;2岁的燕燕接种乙肝疫苗后,患病毒性脑炎,其奶奶张建云提出质疑……
  求证医疗专家
  太原市小店区西温庄乡东温庄村女孩莉莉的父亲高径不断到省卫生厅上访。2008年11月7日,省卫生厅组织了专家论证会,7个专家中有山西省儿童医院神经病内科主任赵早鱼,她是山西最权威的神经内科专家之一。鉴定结论是:与疫苗接种无因果关系。
  2009年12月28日,记者随同莉莉父女,携带鉴定时的所有资料找到赵早鱼,做完相关化验后,赵与数名医生一起会诊却未诊断出病因。
  随即,又挂了该科李朝阳医生的号。全面细致检查后,李表示,这个病他很清楚,但就是不能说、不敢说,在山西任何地方都不会有医生告诉你真实病因,如果到北京的大医院诊断,可能会有专家告诉你真实病因。
  为此,记者先后约访北京大学第一医院、北京儿童医院等几家医院儿科、神经科的权威专家,未果。
  法院判决:“属接种疫苗后的异常反应”
  12岁的慧慧(化名),家住山西省高平市野川镇东沟村蒲沟。
  2009年12月10日,在慧慧的家里,其爷爷韦雷生告诉记者,孙女1998年4月19日生。2006年5月14日,在高平市野川村卫生所注射麻疹、风疹联合疫苗,2006年5月26日大便出血、两腿出现大量水疹。3天后被送往高平市人民医院住院。6月2日后先后转入长治市和平医院、北京儿童医院抢救治疗,诊断为过敏性紫癜,并引发肾炎,孩子病情经治疗并未好转,反而转化为紫癜性慢性肾炎。
  北京儿童医院在抢救治疗中,帮助慧慧穷尽过敏原,寻找病因。结果,食物组过敏原检测、吸入组过敏原检测、C13尿素呼吸试验(幽门螺旋杆菌检测)均呈阴性,全部被排除。
  韦雷生将孙女过敏性紫癜的过敏原最后归结到疫苗上了。“我豁上老命也得给孙女讨个公道回来!”为抢救孙女卖完了50多头猪的“养猪专业户”韦雷生,几年来坚持不懈地上访申诉。
  2009年3月28日,晋城市疾病预防控制中心委托的诊断专家组做出诊断报告,诊断报告称:“过敏性紫癜、过敏性紫癜性肾炎与接种麻风二联疫苗在时间上和可能发生的常见疑似预防接种反应疾病上有相关关系”。
  于是,韦雷生一家将疫苗生产厂商北京天坛生物制品股份有限公司及疫苗接种使用管理机构晋城市疾病预防控制中心告上法庭。2010年1月13日,高平市人民法院判决:“接种麻风二联疫苗而诱发过敏性紫癜及过敏性紫癜肾炎属接种疫苗后的异常反应。”判赔慧慧医疗费、精神损失费等156178.52元。
  “接种合格疫苗不良反应概率极其微小”
  2008年10月25日的《山西晚报》发表一篇题为“疫苗带来异常谁赔?这下清楚了”的报道,山西省疾控中心计划免疫科科长翟如芳在文中介绍:专家表示,疫苗接种异常反应发生的概率极低,仅为200—300万人分之一。其中多为轻度异常反应,严重的异常反应很少。
  中国疾病预防控制中心免疫规划中心主任梁晓峰曾公开表示:“(接种合格疫苗不良反应的)发生率极低,据查国外的资料,大概200万分之一或者300万分之一。”
  那么,这么多或死、或残、或病的山西孩子,他们的病因与疫苗到底有无关系?
  “合格疫苗异常反应概率极其微小,而且多为轻度,严重的很罕见。但是,2006年以来,山西境内确实出现了大量的问题疫苗,也就是高温暴露疫苗,这样的疫苗已在山西省长期使用,必然要大幅度提高疫苗接种不良反应概率。”山西省疾病预防控制中心专门负责防病信息的原信息科科长陈涛安说。
  大量疫苗高温暴露
  ——山西疫苗乱象调查之三
  本报记者王克勤
  中华人民共和国《疫苗流通和预防接种管理条例》(以下简称《疫苗条例》)对于疫苗的概念是这样界定的:“疫苗,是指为了预防、控制传染病的发生、流行,用于人体预防接种的疫苗类预防性生物制品。”
  疫苗是异体蛋白物质,对光照、温度十分敏感。
  国家法规规定
  《疫苗条例》第64条规定:“疾病预防控制机构、接种单位、疫苗生产企业、疫苗批发企业未在规定的冷藏条件下储存、运输疫苗的,由药品监督管理部门责令改正,给予警告,对所储存、运输的疫苗予以销毁。”
  《预防接种工作规范》关于“疫苗的储存与运输”是这样规定的:
  3.疫苗储存和运输的温度要求:
  (1)乙肝疫苗、卡介苗、百白破疫苗、白破疫苗、乙脑灭活疫苗、A群流脑疫苗、A+C群流脑疫苗在2℃~8℃条件下运输和避光储存。
  (2)脊灰疫苗、麻疹疫苗、乙脑减毒活疫苗、风疹疫苗在-20℃~8℃的条件下运输和避光储存。
  (3)其他疫苗的储存和运输温度要求按照药典和疫苗使用说明书的规定执行。
  4.运输疫苗时应使用冷藏车,并在规定的温度下运输。未配冷藏车的单位在领发疫苗时要将疫苗放在冷藏箱中运输。
  《预防接种工作规范》和《疫苗储存和运输管理规范》规定,疫苗一旦脱离规定的存储环境,就是质量可疑疫苗,也可能成为质量异常疫苗。
  高温暴露疫苗
  山西省疾控中心专门负责防病信息的原信息科科长陈涛安提出,从2006年以来,在山西境内出现了大量疫苗被高温暴露的情况。
  陈涛安介绍:2005年12月,山西省疾控中心出现了一位来自北京的山西人,该人35岁,名叫田建国。12月28日,田建国被任命为山西省疾控中心生物制品配送中心主任,“负责全省疾病预防控制工作所需的疫苗配送及二类疫苗的供应和管理”。
  “疫苗是全民防病的武器。从这一天开始,保障3500万山西人民生命健康的疫苗使用管理权,就由田建国掌握了。”
  山西省疾控中心位于太原市迎泽区双塔西街小南关8号,分为南、北两个大院。当时,省疾控中心的疫苗冷库位于北院,而刚建成未交工的疾控大楼位于南院,两地相距约70多米。
  山西省疾控中心物业科副科长卫军利告诉记者:“2006年、2007年,田建国管疫苗的时候,我看到他组织的人,将成箱的疫苗从冷库搬到还没投入使用的疾控大楼一楼,拆开包装箱,将疫苗堆了一地,堆得像小山一样。许多人在往疫苗盒上贴”山西疾控专用”的标签。尤其是夏天,大家穿着短裤,他们依然照常天天在闷热的大厅里贴标签。”
  记者先后采访了山西省疾控中心的多位职工,他们均佐证了此事。
  《药品经营质量管理规范》规定,从事药品验收、养护、计量、保管等工作的人员,应具有相应的学历或一定的文化程度,经有关培训并考核合格后持证上岗。企业应定期对各类人员进行药品法律、法规、规章和专业技术、药品知识、职业道德等教育或培训,并建立档案。
  “但是,为田建国贴疫苗标签的,都是临时找来的宾馆服务员、临时工、钟点工等。”山西省疾控中心的刘美丽(化名)回忆当时情景时如是说。
  山西省疾控中心专职司机原江对记者说:“那两年,他们不仅一直在疾控大楼一楼里贴标签,还有一个同样严重的问题,给全省各地运送疫苗的冷藏车制冷机一直坏着,没有维修过。跑地区一趟,尤其是夏天,都变成闷罐车了。”
  “这是人为制造疫苗存储运输不应有的操作环节,使疫苗长时间脱离规定的冷藏避光环境,主观故意制造了高温暴露疫苗。应该依法立即销毁,否则即是抗法杀人。”陈涛安分析说。
  “由于高温暴露疫苗配送到各地没召回、封存,直到2008年底,山西老百姓还在接种高温暴露疫苗。”
  陈涛安还告诉记者:“根据山西省公布的统计资料,这3年,全省每年至少接种疫苗1000万人次。疫苗因高温暴露而质量可疑,不知道全山西会有多少人接种了质量异常疫苗?尤其是孩子!”
  高温疫苗的背后
  ——山西疫苗乱象调查之四
  本报记者王克勤
  山西为什么会出现大量高温疫苗?原来疫苗是如何管理的?
  疫苗原来实行封闭式渠道管理
  疫苗是保障人民生命健康的武器。对于疫苗的生产、供应,几十年来中国一直实行严格的计划生产、计划供应的管理体制,即所谓“封闭式渠道管理”模式——所有疫苗均由国家指定工厂生产,并由国家疾病预防机构统一逐级订购、分发和周转储存。并且要求“必须在卫生防疫机构监督指导下使用”。
  作为由政府全额财政拨款组建的、实施山西疾病预防控制与公共卫生技术管理和服务的公益事业单位,山西省疾控中心的一个重要责任就是对攸关全省3500万人生命健康保障之疫苗进行管理与配送。
  与全国各省区一样,山西境内疫苗的配送、管理过去一直实行“封闭式渠道管理”。在2005年10月之前,具体配送工作一直由该中心的内部科室——生物制品供应站负责。
  疫苗分为两类:第一类疫苗,是指政府免费向公民提供,公民应当依照政府的规定受种的疫苗;第二类疫苗,是指由公民自费并且自愿受种的其他疫苗。
  接种第一类疫苗由政府承担费用,即“政府计划分配,个人免费接种,国家统一买单”。一类疫苗最小外包装的显著位置,均标明“免费”字样和“免疫规划”专用标识。
  接种第二类疫苗由受种者或者其监护人承担费用,即“个人自主自费接种”。
  在这种模式下,生物制品供应站一方面根据免疫规划采购供应一类疫苗,同时经营二类疫苗,但是经营二类疫苗的收入全部进入财政专户,纳入国库。
  然而,自从2005年6月1日《疫苗条例》正式实施以来,二类疫苗供应与销售方式发生了变化。
  二类疫苗有“商机”
  新颁布的《疫苗条例》规定,“疫苗生产企业可以向疾病预防控制机构、接种单位、疫苗批发企业销售本企业生产的第二类疫苗。疫苗批发企业可以向疾病预防控制机构、接种单位、其他疫苗批发企业销售第二类疫苗。”
  这一规定改变了过去疫苗统购统销的模式,打破了疾控机构垄断疫苗供应,特别是二类疫苗供应的体制,其根本目的是降低二类疫苗的价格,从而让百姓受益。
  国家放开二类疫苗流通市场,对于二类疫苗,各级疾控中心和接种单位可向疫苗生产企业或经批准的药品批发企业直接购买,即“企业自由买卖,市场平等竞争”。
  陈涛安对记者说:有人从《疫苗条例》中看到了巨大的“商机”。
  首先,《传染病防治法》、《疫苗条例》赋予卫生行政部门、疾控机构疫苗使用管理的权力,二类疫苗可以企业经营,这就有了商业机会与利润空间。其次,二类疫苗从出厂到零售的差价很大,出厂价10元,零售可达30元—50元,存在暴利。再次,疫苗市场需求不断增长。“非典”以后老百姓防病意识很强,疫苗消费量逐年加大,特别是,卫生行政部门有权根据属地疫情发布接种二类疫苗“建议信息”。
  更为重要的是,经过这些年的建设,全省已经形成了成熟而完整的疫苗系统网络。
  “卫生部企业”空降山西
  陈涛安说,就在此时,山西省疾控中心发生一系列耐人寻味的人事变动,许多业务骨干被陆续免职。
  2005年7月,山西省疾控中心信息科科长陈涛安被免职。
  10月,生物制品供应站站长陈宏生、副站长张俊书被停止工作。
  12月,财务科科长杜碧杰被免职。
  陈涛安回忆说,“单位一把手栗文元非常严肃地通知我,经过组织研究决定,你要离开本职岗位,调到后勤物业管理科从事杂务工作,具体的工作任务是长期休息,工资、奖金一点不会少。一把手还说:你的工作很突出,没什么失误,调你去那里是中心党委的决定。”
  在许多业务骨干被免职的时候,来自北京的山西人田建国,于12月28日被任命为当天成立的生物制品配送中心主任。与此同时,原来负责疫苗配送的生物制品供应站撤销。
  记者看到山西省疾控中心2005年12月12日的《会议纪要》这样写道:
  经过慎重考虑,认真研究,仔细筛选,最后确定了卫生部部属企业北京华卫时代医药生物技术有限公司。该公司一直经营生物制品,并对山西市场比较了解。单位设山西省疾病预防控制中心生物制品配送中心,由该公司进行二类疫苗的市场经营,每年交中心380万元,每季度交一次,另交50万元风险抵押金。
  16天后,山西省疾控中心发布《关于成立生物制品配送中心的通知》,“希望各级疾病预防控制机构和相关生物制品企业”“支持和配合”卫生部部属企业北京华卫时代医药生物技术有限公司(以下简称华卫公司)。该公司董事长田建国自此正式出任该配送中心的主任。文件规定:
  配送中心的具体工作委托北京华卫时代医药生物技术有限公司负责。该配送中心的主要工作是负责全省疾病预防控制工作所需的疫苗配送及二类疫苗的供应和管理。该中心从2006年1月1日起正式运行。2005年12月31日前山西省疾控中心生物制品的债权债务委托北京华卫公司负责清理。
  “标签疫苗”横空出世
  自2006年1月1日起,“卫生部企业”华卫公司负责山西省疾病预防控制工作所需的疫苗配送及二类疫苗的供应和管理。
  “山西全省疫苗的供应管理权被华卫公司托管了!”
  山西全省的一类疫苗由政府统一采购,交由田建国领导的生物制品配送中心向全省配送。“田建国只能赚点有限的配送费,很不积极。”
  于是,垄断山西二类疫苗市场的“标签疫苗”出现了。
  陈涛安介绍说,从2006年3月开始,田建国便找来一些宾馆服务员、临时工、钟点工等,在山西省疾控中心刚建成未交工的大楼楼道里长期人海会战,往各类二类疫苗最小包装盒上粘贴“山西疾控专用”标签。
  有接种者家人给记者提供了部分贴有标签的疫苗包装盒。记者看到,每个疫苗盒上均贴着比一分钱硬币小一点的椭圆形标识贴。该标上半部是“CDPC长城图案”,即国家疾病预防控制机构的公益标志;下半部是“HW”,为华卫的拼音缩写;底部是红色的“山西疾控专用”字样。
  记者发现,这些贴有“山西疾控专用”标签的疫苗,是由长春、北京、武汉、兰州、江苏等地的相关疫苗生产企业生产的。
  在疫苗盒上贴“山西疾控专用”标签,是否合法?
  《药品说明书和标签管理规定》第三条规定,药品标签不得超出说明书的范围,不得印制暗示疗效、误导使用和不适当宣传产品的文字和标识。因此,药品标签不得印制“××省专销”、“原装正品”、“进口原料”、“驰名商标”、“专利药品”、“××监制”、“××总经销”、“××总代理”等字样。药品标签要经国家食品药品监督管理局核准。
  卫生部办公厅《关于启用疾病预防控制机构统一标志的通知》规定:该统一标志使用范围仅限于“各级各类疾控机构的建筑标识及其相关物品、设备;疾控机构的指示性路标”。同时,“疾控机构标志的图案使用时,不得在标志中增删任何内容。”
  “有了这个标签,他就可以垄断山西二类疫苗市场,将其他疫苗经营企业排除在山西市场之外,即排除异己,制造暴利。”
  “田建国不仅在山西推出了全国独创的标签疫苗,而且让山西卫生厅为其进行行政推销。”“这个标签既没有我单位的承办印制科室,更没有保管部门,经费来源也不明。”陈涛安如是说。
  省卫生厅连续发文推销“标签疫苗”
  2006年4月6日,山西省卫生厅下发晋卫疾控200613号文件,在其附件《山西省2006年麻腮风联合疫苗免疫接种活动实施方案》中规定:“疫苗由省疾控中心统一订购,逐级分发,严禁任何单位和个人从非正规渠道购苗接种,一旦发现严肃查处。”“为保证免疫接种的安全有效,全省要统一使用山西省疾病预防控制中心逐级配送的标有”山西CDC专用”字样的疫苗。”
  2006年5月22日,山西省卫生厅下发晋卫疾控200621号文件的附件《山西省2006年乙脑疫苗预防接种工作实施方案》、《山西省2006年流脑多糖疫苗预防接种工作实施方案》中,又重复了上述文字。
  2007年3月16日,山西省卫生厅又下发晋卫疾控20074号文件,在其附件《关于加强流行性乙型脑炎防控工作的通知》依然有上述文字。
  晋卫疾控200621号文件还规定,在有条件的地区和免疫规划以外人群主要推广使用效果更好安全性更强的“北京牌”乙型脑炎(Vero细胞)纯化疫苗(乙脑纯化疫苗)。各级应在活动开始前充分利用电视、广播、报纸、标语、板报等媒体,开展多种形式的宣传活动,并规定了一系列宣传推广二类疫苗的标语。
  2007年3月,晋卫疾控20074号文件,再次重复了以上内容,要求做好宣传推广工作。
  “华卫成了垄断疫苗网络的官商”
  “仅仅通过标签控制还不够,田建国为全面控制山西疫苗市场,在原有预防接种服务网络基础上,成立了各地疾控中心配送中心分中心,从而形成一个庞大的疫苗垄断经营网络。”陈涛安说。
  从2006年4月开始,山西省疾控中心主任为甲方(由主任栗文元签名),华卫公司董事长田建国为甲方委托代理人,与长治、晋城、临汾、吕梁、忻州、朔州等地疾控中心签订了合作协议。
  省疾控中心保证不向分中心以外的单位和个人配送二类疫苗,市中心保证从省中心采购疫苗。同时《合作协议》第19条规定:“在所辖区域内执行综合市场治理计划,沟通和协调区县CDC和接种单位的疫苗采购渠道,确保市场控制力和较高的市场占有率。”
  根据山西省卫生厅和山西疾控中心的规定,山西各地统一使用省疾控中心订购和逐级配送的疫苗,同时必须贴有“山西疾控专用”标签,如有违反,承担免疫接种是否安全、有效的责任。严禁任何单位和个人从非规定渠道购苗接种,一旦发现严肃查处。
  这样,华卫公司拥有了既能使用疾病预防控制机构的职能调控、引导市场,又能以疫苗批发企业的身份向社会倾销疫苗的双重身份。
  疫苗垄断利益揭秘
  ——山西疫苗乱象调查之五
  本报记者王克勤
  “卫生部企业”华卫公司进入山西,通过省卫生厅下发的一系列相关文件,推出了标签疫苗,“还做成了一笔又一笔可观的生意。”
  华卫公司从中获取了多少利益呢?为何相关部门如此热情相助?这背后又有着怎样的关系?
  尚未开张,先获资产
  山西省疾控中心提及华卫公司的第一份文件,即将省疾控中心“一千多万元资产送给华卫公司了”。
  2005年12月28日,山西省疾控中心出台200521号文件,向各市级疾控中心发出《关于成立生物制品配送中心的通知》。通知说:2005年12月31日前山西省疾控中心生物制品的债权债务委托华卫公司负责清理。
  几天后,2006年1月6日,山西省疾控中心生物制品配送中心向各市疾控中心下发《货款结算账户告知函》称,“依据山西省疾控中心200521号文件,由山西省疾控中心成立生物制品配送中心,委托华卫公司托管运营和处理债权债务。”
  《告知函》列出两个账号,除了省疾控中心的财政专户外,另一个就是华卫公司在交通银行北京分行水碓子支行开设的账号。
  山西省疾控中心原生物制品供应站站长陈宏生,根据2005年11月11日省疾控中心出具的《2003年3月至2005年10月31日生物制品供应站收入支出情况》算了一笔账:田建国接手之前,生物制品供应站拥有债权:2960.07536万元;库存:二类疫苗库存374.4098万元(其中包括过期疫苗8.4317万元);债务:省疾控中心欠二类疫苗生产、批发企业2003.7935万元。
  债权+库存-债务=1330.69166万元。
  也就是说,华卫公司接手省生物制品配送中心时,实际接手了1330多万元的国有资产。
  扭曲卫生部文件销售二类疫苗
  华卫公司的第二笔大生意就是“扭曲卫生部文件变相销售收费的二类疫苗”。
  2006年1月28日卫生部下发《关于加强麻疹控制工作的通知》,要求各地做好一类麻疹疫苗查漏补种工作,加强对麻疹疾病的控制。
  陈涛安说,2006年4月5日,山西省卫生厅以落实卫生部《通知》名义,发布了《山西省2006年麻风或麻腮风联合疫苗预防接种工作实施方案》,实质上是推销二类疫苗。省疾控中心根据该《方案》要求,印刷发行了“预防接种通知单”,约束全省基层预防接种门诊,必须为幼儿接种“普祥立适”牌麻腮风联合疫苗。
  麻疹疫苗是免费的一类疫苗,而麻风或麻腮风联合疫苗是收费的二类疫苗。
  山西省疾控中心出台的《预防接种通知单》进一步规定“普祥立适”牌麻腮风联合疫苗84.2元/人份。
  “省卫生厅扭曲卫生部文件,压制一类免费疫苗,推销二类高价疫苗。疾控中心直到2008年1月10日,即一类免费麻疹疫苗失效前20天,才向基层接种点配送,导致全省各地大量一类麻疹疫苗失效。”陈涛安说。
  记者看到中央电视台某栏目在此期间制作的部分采访录像显示,太原市周围一些地方当收到麻疹疫苗时,业已失效。
  反季节销售乙脑疫苗
  2006年8月11日,山西省卫生厅下发了晋卫疾控200626号文件《关于加强流行性乙型脑炎防控工作的紧急通知》,要求山西省各地积极开展应急接种。
  陈涛安认为,乙脑是山西省常见传染病,截至8月9日,全省11个地区,有6个地区存在散发乙脑病例,总共发生69例,其中44例散发在老疫区运城市的一些县区,山西省大部分县区并无乙脑疫情,开展全省乙脑疫苗反季节应急接种很不正常。他的理由是:
  首先,乙脑病是由蚊子叮咬传播,乙脑疫苗每年3—5月份接种较合适,8月中旬已过了乙脑疫苗的接种时期。2006年9、10、11月,山西省都在应急接种乙脑疫苗,接种后1个月产生抗体,那时蚊子已经没有了,老百姓不但白花了钱,而且,对于感染乙脑病毒未发病的人,接种会增加发病的可能性。
  其次,灭蚊防蚊、清理卫生应是预防乙脑流行的有效措施。卫生厅文件却强调,预防接种是最有效的控制疫情措施,加上部分媒体不断报道零星散发的乙脑病例,于是,在山西省形成了反季节接种社会运动,争抢接种的拥挤现场不但提高了乙脑传播几率,由恐慌、混乱带来的社会经济损失更是难以估计。
  再次,根据《疫苗条例》第二条规定,应急接种疫苗都应是免费的。但是,本次应急接种,每人份却收费28元。
  业内人士指出,乙脑疫苗2006年的出厂价为每人份9元,而山西接种者以28元购买,其中的环节是:北京华卫公司销售疫苗时,每人份收取4元的配送费、3元的贴标签厂家返利,以每人份13元价格给市疾控部门,市疾控每人份加4元给县疾控,县疾控再加4元给乡镇一级。
  根据山西省卫生厅2007年11月7日发布的消息,2006年运城等地发生乙脑疫情后,山西省疾控部门及时组织第二类疫苗240万人份,实际应急接种192万人份。
  以每人份赚取7元、共接种192万人份计算,华卫公司在运城乙脑疫情中净赚1344万元。
  陈涛安估算,全省应急接种共消费疫苗500余万人份,以每人份赚取7元计算,可净赚3500万元,乙脑疫苗在春季采购的是9元/人份,但到了秋季生产厂家要销毁即将失效的疫苗,8—10月采购乙脑疫苗价格极低,一人份不到一元钱,如此计算,每人份赚取12元,可净赚6000余万元。
  排除竞争对手,独享疫苗暴利
  2007年10月9日,位于运城市的山西省亨通医药连锁有限公司(以下简称亨通公司)致函山西省人大常委会,提出,山西省卫生厅、省疾控中心发文要求统一使用贴有“山西疾控专用”标签疫苗等行政行为,严重破坏了二类疫苗市场平等竞争,损害了消费者的权益。
  亨通公司储备了数万支疫苗,当他们向当地疾控部门推销疫苗时被告知,所有二类疫苗必须经过山西省疾控中心生物制品配送中心配送并贴有“山西疾控专用”字样,才能被接种。亨通公司的疫苗16元一支都卖不了,贴有“山西疾控专用”特权标签的疫苗,28元一支还供不应求。
  2007年9月12日,山西省卫生厅副厅长李书凯接受某媒体采访时说:华卫公司是卫生部的大公司,山西人民确实受益了,2006年以前,一只乙肝疫苗,打三次的,卖到21元,最便宜15元。2006年以后,打三次总共只花7至8元。
  这样算,乙肝疫苗每针次收费不超过3元。但是,大同市天镇县南河堡顾家湾村的燕燕2008年5月29日接种乙肝疫苗,一针次收费就达82元。就此,记者于2月22日通过当时负责接种的天镇县南河堡乡接种员王振中核实,王没有正面回答,抱怨了很久自己到各村庄接种疫苗多不容易,花销多么多么大。最后告诉记者:“说不收钱是假的。”但他始终没有回答每针次收多少钱。而燕燕的奶奶张建云告诉记者:“村里打乙肝疫苗都是收82元。”
  2008年3月6日,山西电视台“都市110栏目”播出《定期接种疫苗收费不明不白》的报道称,太原市尖草坪区卢女士的女儿出生20个月,累计接种疫苗27次,花费达1233元。其中仅脊髓灰质炎疫苗享受了国家免费政策,其余都是有偿接种。
  据陈涛安估算,华卫公司在山西垄断经营各类疫苗,2006年可获得8000万元利润,2007年可获得4200余万元利润,两年合计利润1.2亿元,经营额2.5亿元。
  “50万元抵押了3500万人的生命保障权”
  根据华卫公司与山西省疾控中心为期五年的《合作协议》,华卫公司获得“全省疾病预防控制工作所需的疫苗配送及二类疫苗的供应和管理”权利与权力,而条件是“每年交中心380万元,每季度交一次,另交50万元风险抵押金”。
  陈涛安质疑:且不说年380万元是否按时上交,单说这50万元风险抵押金,大头其实并未到省疾控中心账上。
  2008年1月7日,山西省卫生厅纪检组发布的《关于对反映省疾控中心主任栗文元贪污受贿洗钱等问题的初核报告》记载:根据省疾控中心与华卫公司业务托管合作协议,“甲、乙双方合作期限为5年,乙方在签署协议之后,交纳50余万元人民币或甲方认可的价值50余万元资产作为风险抵押金。2005年12月华卫公司用该公司的非基本账户资金购买广本雅阁2.4L汽车,以27万抵押在省疾控中心(车牌号为:京JD7033),该车由栗文元使用至2007年10月,之后封存在省疾控中心车库之内。2006年2月22日华卫公司电汇省疾控中心风险抵押金23万余元。”
  “北京华卫公司抵押在省疾控中心的车未在双方固定资产账上体现。”陈涛安对记者说:“华卫公司用50万元,抵押了山西3500万人民的生命保障权。而这50万元抵押金,田建国又给领导买了小轿车,居然没有上公家的账,这不是慷国家之慨,行贿赂之实,是做什么?!”
  “卫生部企业”真相
  ——山西疫苗乱象调查之六
  本报记者王克勤
  如此垄断山西疫苗市场、左右山西省卫生厅及全省疾控网络、坐拥财富的“卫生部企业”到底是怎样一家公司?
  华卫是个私人企业
  记者看到华卫公司总经理田建国的名片上是这样写的:
  卫生部全国卫生产业企业管理协会副秘书长;
  卫生部全国卫生产业企业管理协会医药科技开发专业委员会常务副秘书长;
  卫生部北京华卫产业开发公司总经理;
  卫生部北京华卫时代医药生物技术有限公司总经理;
  山西省疾病预防控制中心生物制品配送中心主任。
  那么,这个与山西省疾控中心合作的华卫公司到底是否“卫生部部属企业”?
  其实,早在1984年12月,中共中央、国务院就发出《关于严禁党政机关和党政干部经商、办企业的决定》,2003年专门又发文重申这一规定。
  田建国的“卫生部部属企业”又是从何而来?
  记者根据田建国名片上的电话致电卫生部全国卫生产业企业管理协会询问,对方称:“我单位有此人,华卫时代不是我们协会的公司,具体情况工商局一问就知,那是他个人的公司。”
  北京市工商局提供的北京华卫时代医药生物技术有限公司工商注册资料显示:该公司2004年1月6日在北京注册成立,法人代表:田建国,股东:田建国、黄彦红、于莉,股份分别占80%、10%、10%。
  在该公司的工商注册资料里,记者发现一份2007年度的工商年检表,上面写着:“北京华卫时代公司为三人合伙的私有企业。”
  有意思的是,2007年9月6日,即相关部门开始调查这个公司后,该公司召开第一届第一次股东会,做出变更股东决议。2007年9月13日,得到北京市工商局朝阳分局核准。黄彦红、于莉退出股东,分别以5万元的价格,将各自10%的股份转让给“全国卫生产业企业管理协会”开办的北京华卫产业开发公司(集体所有制)。
  此后,北京华卫时代医药生物技术有限公司的股东只有两个,田建国个人占80%,北京华卫产业开发公司占20%。而这个北京华卫产业开发公司的法人代表也是田建国本人。
  “华卫是个空壳公司”
  山西省卫生厅副厅长李书凯曾公开称:“华卫是卫生部的公司,专门搞疫苗配送的大公司。”
  在北京华卫时代医药生物技术有限公司的工商注册资料中,记者发现了一份2005年7月26日北京市工商行政管理局做出的《行政处罚决定书》。
  这份编号为“京工商朝处字(2005)第03769号”的《行政处罚决定书》指出:在北京市朝阳区十里堡北里农民日报社五层520房间办公的北京华卫时代医药生物技术有限公司,“当事人在开业登记时,委托代办公司采取垫资方式办理了公司登记。领取执照后代办公司将垫资款50万元全部提走,当事人未按规定补足出资。”
  “当事人的上述行为属于虚报注册资本行为。”
  “依法责令当事人60日内补足出资,处罚罚款50000元。”
  而2004年1月6日这家公司在北京注册时,表明注册资本为50万元。股东出资表显示田建国40万元、黄彦红5万元、于莉5万元。企业类型是“有限责任公司”。
  华卫没有疫苗经营资格
  田建国的北京华卫时代医药生物技术有限公司,从2006年1月1日“负责全省疾病预防控制工作所需的疫苗配送及二类疫苗的供应和管理”直到2007年10月15日失踪,一直在经营管理山西全省的疫苗。
  然而,记者在该公司的工商注册资料中发现,这个公司在山西经营期间根本没有疫苗经营资格。
  2004年1月6日,由北京市工商行政管理局颁发的该公司《营业执照》显示,这个公司的经营范围如下:
  技术开发、技术转让、技术咨询、技术服务、技术培训;销售生物制品、仪器仪表、电子计算机及配件、化工产品(不包括危险化学品、不含一类易制毒化学品);投资咨询;会议服务;企业形象策划;营销策划;承办展览展示活动;组织文化交流活动。(未取得专项许可的项目除外)
  2007年9月6日,即在相关部门开始调查这个公司后,该公司召开成立近4年来的第一次股东会,做出经营范围变更决议。
  也即该公司连续经营疫苗达1年零8个月后,2007年9月13日,北京市工商局朝阳分局正式核准,在这个公司的经营范围中增加了“疫苗”二字。
  然而,2008年1月7日,山西省卫生厅调查组公布的《初核报告》却称:华卫公司2004年1月6日注册成立,经营范围中存在疫苗销售。
  华卫公司突然失踪
  2007年8月,太原市人民检察院立案调查山西疫苗问题。2007年10月12日,当地媒体曝光山西疫苗问题,山西省卫生厅纪检组开始立案调查。
  10月15日,山西省疾控中心生物制品配送中心突然关门,华卫公司员工全部撤离山西。山西省卫生厅调查组《初核报告》称,“2007年9月北京华卫公司向省疾控中心提出了中止合同的请求,2007年10月12日,省疾控中心解聘了华卫公司总经理田建国配送中心主任的职务。”
  “当时,我已经举报四个月后,田建国针对相关部门的查处,给华卫公司突然加上了”疫苗”经营范围,增加了20%的卫生部协会集体所有制股份,想把自己私营公司变成与卫生部沾边的企业后逃之夭夭,这些都是骗人的把戏。”陈涛安说。
  华卫老总田建国:“由政府部门来回答”
  针对上述种种问题,记者设法联系到了“卫生部企业”北京华卫时代医药生物技术有限公司总经理田建国。
  对于记者提出的华卫与山西省疾控中心是否合作关系、高温标签疫苗、市场垄断、华卫是否卫生部企业等一系列问题,田建国称:“这些事情,我不好回答。请你到山西省疾控中心和政府部门了解吧,由政府部门来回答。”
  山西省卫生厅:“你去问省纪委吧”
  2010年2月23日,记者来到山西省疾控中心。得悉,此前一直与田建国“密切合作”的该中心主任栗文元前不久刚刚被免职,“另有安排”、“出国旅游了”。
  为此,记者找到了目前负责该中心工作的张杰敏副主任。张称:“我知道有标签疫苗,但没有见过他们贴标签。卫生厅纪检组只调查了经济问题,其他的具体情况,我不好回答,你最好找卫生厅纪检部门。”
  而山西省疾控中心党委书记闫明亮的回答几乎与张杰敏完全一致。
  针对山西疫苗市场存在的一系列问题,记者试图采访山西省卫生厅副厅长李书凯与卫生厅疾控处,被告知:“没有厅新闻中心的同意,不接待记者”。该厅新闻中心的小刘告诉记者:“情况变化了,我们新闻中心领导让我告诉你,你这属于跨行业采访,需要相关部门批准。”
  记者见到了参与查处此案的山西省卫生厅纪检组办公室主任武瑞明,他对记者讲:“我没有权力回答这些问题,这个案子早就移交省纪委了,你去问省纪委吧。”
  记者随即赶往山西省委,省委传达室告知记者:“省纪委没有时间接待记者。”
  之后,记者设法找到负责查处此案已达一年半之久的省纪委931室薛进仓处长,薛进仓反问:“你采访这个案子,想要干什么?”记者回答:“舆论监督。”面对记者的不断追问,薛进仓称:“这个案子我们还没有查完呢。”便挂了电话。
  高温疫苗举报风波
  ——山西疫苗乱象调查之七
  本报记者王克勤
  山西疫苗高温暴露问题能够浮出水面,49岁的山西省疾控中心原信息科科长陈涛安成为最关键的人。
  三年举报30余次
  2007年初,陈涛安在省疾控中心正在建设的新办公大楼里,发现了有许多生面孔的人在给疫苗盒上贴标签。“感觉很异常。”
  陈涛安还发现配送中心分发二类疫苗使用企业票据;新来的田建国主任转移了配送中心分发二类疫苗的财政收入;“卫生部部属企业”账户替代了省疾控中心基本账户;山西二类疫苗批发企业告状,指责华卫公司特权标签垄断了全省疫苗市场;山西二类疫苗价格不搞市场竞争,由田建国的配送中心定价;省卫生厅不断发布文件推销标签疫苗等不正常的情况。
  从2007年5月25日开始,陈涛安向山西省人民检察院、山西省纪委、卫生部、山西省药监局及太原市人民检察院实名举报“山西3500万人民生命健康保障权被官员出卖的一系列问题”。
  三年来,陈涛安向有关部门举报、复议、信访山西疫苗问题30余次。
  2007年9月14日,山西当地媒体刊发了《这个“权”能被“托管”吗》,将山西全省疫苗管理权出卖给私人老板的问题第一次公开曝光。
  10月12日,由山西省纪委派出督察员参与的省卫生厅调查组正式开始调查。
  这个调查组正式开展工作的第三天,田建国及华卫公司便“突然失踪了”。
  2008年1月7日,山西省卫生厅召开会议通报了《关于对反映省疾控中心主任栗文元贪污受贿洗钱等问题的初核报告》,结论是:
  关于省疾控中心第二类疫苗供应合作方式,省卫生厅已向省政府作出答复,认为符合《疫苗流通和预防接种管理条例》等有关规定;
  省疾控中心原生物制品供应站经营二类疫苗的国有资产没有流失;
  华卫公司抵押在省疾控中心的本田雅阁车未在双方固定资产账上体现;
  省疾控中心在财务管理债权、债务处理以及用轿车抵押风险保证金等方面的问题,栗文元负有一定责任。
  “不可理解的是,对栗文元、田建国制售高温疫苗问题置之不理。”陈涛安这样对记者说。
  随即,陈涛安将多篇揭露山西高温暴露疫苗问题的举报材料发布在网络上,引起了社会各方面广泛关注。
  受到质疑的官方调查
  2008年5月,山西省洪洞县万安镇村民易文龙找到了陈涛安。易文龙的女儿接种流脑疫苗后,患上“急性播散性脑脊髓炎”,最后落下了“继发性癫痫”。
  医学常识让陈涛安意识到:“急性播散性脑脊髓炎”又称“接种后脑炎”,与接种疫苗关系密切。
  这让陈涛安高度警惕,并开始怀疑——省疾控中心院内大量高温曝光的疫苗,是否就是引发孩子病症的祸根呢?
  陈涛安随即又向有关部门反映这一问题,未引起重视。
  其间,山西各地许多家庭开始信访、要求复议,质疑他们的孩子接种疫苗后得病,甚至致死、致残,与疫苗存在因果关系。
  对此,2008年7月,山西省纪委立案重新复查;当年11月,卫生部监察局也立案开始调查山西疫苗问题。
  “相关部门在调查高温疫苗过程中,又发生了一系列匪夷所思的事情!”陈涛安这样讲。
  “专家鉴定违反回避原则”
  在易文龙等部分质疑家庭不断上访、申诉后,从2008年8月28日开始,山西省卫生厅委托山西省预防接种异常反应和事故鉴定小组对其中5户当事人提出的质疑作出了鉴定结论:“与接种疫苗无因果关系”。
  这些质疑家庭当事人接到山西省卫生厅的文件后,发现省卫生厅对上访所涉材料进行讨论分析的7名鉴定专家,未按《预防接种异常反应鉴定办法》的有关规定由受种方在专家库中随机抽取,且7名专家中有3名是省疾控中心人员,违反了有利害关系的人员应当回避的原则。
  2008年12月8日,易文龙、王明亮向卫生部提出行政复议申请。2008年12月下旬,他们收到了卫生部不予受理的决定书。
  2009年1月20日起,王明亮、易文龙等7个家庭,相继向太原市迎泽区法院投递了诉状,状告山西省疾病预防控制中心、北京华卫时代医药技术有限公司制售“山西疾控专用”标签高温暴露疫苗致使其子女被伤害,要求人身损害赔偿。但该法院至今不予立案也不驳回。
  被改动的患儿接种史
  2008年9月23日,太原市小店区西温庄乡东温庄村10岁女孩莉莉的父亲高径向省卫生厅送去“控诉书”。
  2008年11月7日,高径被通知来到省卫生厅,卫生厅《关于对高径信访回复的函》内写着:“西温庄乡东温庄村防疫员证明,莉莉在东温庄村卫生所仅于2006年9月接种乙脑疫苗(有记录)。接种后1年零7个月出现有关症状与接种省疾病预防控制中心高温曝光变质疫苗无因果关系。”
  高径立即回村找到了村防疫员,询问这是为什么。村防疫员答,“上面找了我多次,不能随便提供接种史,如果不听话就不要干了。”
  高径给记者展示了一张红桃3扑克牌,上有如下文字:“流感06.10.20、07.10.25流脑07.11.28”。高径告诉记者,这是给省卫生厅提交材料前,找村防疫员时,对方随手在一张扑克牌上写的莉莉疫苗接种史。
  于是,高径向省纪委、省检察院、卫生部纪检组举报,“山西省卫生厅调查结果严重失实,存在舞弊问题。”
  对此,本报记者采访了该村防疫员闫胜艳,闫胜艳告诉记者:“我在扑克上写的,便是这孩子接种疫苗的情况。当时他们找上门来,我顺手便在一张牌上写了接种情况。”“后来,省卫生厅来人调查,也是这样讲的,是什么就是什么!”
  “虚构卫生部调查结果”
  山西省疾控中心2009年第四期《中心会议纪要》记载:“2009年3月17日,山西省疾控中心召开了中层干部会议。”卫生厅纪检组长李双才在会上谈到,“针对举报山西省疾病预防控制中心疫苗存在曝光变质问题,厅纪检、省纪委配合卫生部监察局对此事进行了调查。卫生部监察局对存余疫苗的四个县进行了取样监测,检验结果全部合格,表明疫苗是安全的。”
  对此,2009年3月18日,陈涛安向卫生部监察局快递了《关于山西疫苗问题情况的反映》,监察局立即派出关跃进副局长及两名随行人员,来到山西太原与陈涛安进行了两个多小时的谈话。
  陈涛安提供给记者的谈话录音中,关跃进对陈涛安讲:卫生部监察局是调查疫苗案中的行政违法、违规问题,疫苗抽检鉴定属业务问题,不是我们的调查范畴,我们既没有在山西的县区抽样送检,更没有出具“曝光标签疫苗是安全的”调查结果。
  “由此证实,山西省疾控中心会议纪要发布了虚构的卫生部监察局调查结果。又一次实施欺上瞒下的伎俩!”陈涛安说。
  陈涛安认为,该《会议纪要》中“对存余疫苗的四个县进行了取样监测”的陈述,表明山西省疾控中心承认山西高温暴露疫苗客观存在,直到2009年3月以前,山西人民仍在接种质量可疑的高温暴露疫苗。(中国经济时报)

Yang Hengjun on bloggers and social change in China

By David Bandurski — It testifies to the power of the Internet in China that a jack of all trades like Yang Hengjun (杨恒均) — expert on international affairs, writer of spy fiction and business executive — can carve out a role for himself as a one-man media powerhouse. Mr. Yang has been online for five years, and seriously blogging for just three. But measured by unique IP visits to his various blog sites, he now averages 150,000 readers a day. [See ESWN for a translation of Yang’s recent blog entry from Hong Kong].
Mr. Yang, whose outspoken writing on public affairs has earned him the title “democracy huckster” among Chinese Web users, said in a public talk at Hong Kong University’s Journalism & Media Studies Centre on March 10 that the Internet has offered “grassroots writers” in China an unprecedented opportunity to make their voices heard.
“Based on my understanding of China’s political situation, I can guarantee that if the Web did not exist I would not find a place to express what I wished to express,” Yang said. “The Internet offers much greater freedom.”
A former official in China’s Ministry of Foreign Affairs and in the People’s Government of Hainan Province, Yang writes from personal experience — as an institutional insider and later as an outsider living overseas — to reflect on issues ranging from government corruption in China to the country’s long-term development.
His critical eye has not always made him popular at home.
In 2008, reader comments crowding in the wake of his blog posts branded him a “traitor” and a “running dog of the West” for speaking plainly about social and political problems in China.
Yang let the mean-spirited comments stand, and responded with a cool-headed post called, “Why I Criticize China?” (我为什么批评中国?):

I had wished to write some responses myself in the comment section to speak my mind and engage in discussion [with these “angry youth”], but taking a more careful look at the comments they had posted, I realized there was no way to respond. If you criticize some aspect of our society that is bad, they accuse you of not seeing the brighter side . . .
But why should I write about the brighter aspects, or even append a few self-critical remarks? If I do that, I’ll end up writing a government work report. All the media and propaganda resources at the disposal of the system are engaged in that sort of work — they don’t need my assistance.
Like angry youth today, when I heard things in my own youth critical of China and speaking against it, I would leap to the defense . . . But angry youth know only anger. They do not understand what it means to speak rationally. Such concepts as loving the Party, loving our society and loving socialism are for them red-hot dogmas branded onto their undeveloped minds, and causing them from a young age to believe that everything that seeps into their diapers is the truth.

Yang went on to explain how his experience as a researcher in the United States — where, improbably it seemed, he was invited by his hosts to criticize U.S. policies — taught him the value of constructive criticism of his own country:

That period of time was wonderful. As I participated in various research projects, my chief work consisted of seeking out loopholes in the projects themselves, of locating weaknesses and shortcomings in various American policies and strategies, and then offering my cutting remarks. It seemed almost inconceivable. For some time I had defended China on my own dime, and now Americans were paying me money to criticize and attack them.
. . . I suddenly thought clearly to myself, what am I, this angry youth, doing here? In my bones I was dissatisfied with America, and jealous of the fact that it is stronger and richer than China — and this is why I was an angry youth. Once I arrived in America, criticizing America seemed the best means at my disposal for standing up for China. But I had come gradually to know what I didn’t realize when I first arrived in America, that all of this criticism wasn’t defending China but rather assisting America to the benefit of Americans.

Yang Hengjun says it took him years to begin thinking more critically about the Chinese system in which he served so long and so dutifully.
He tested into the international relations program at Shanghai’s Fudan University in 1983, and began a career in foreign affairs immediately upon graduating in 1987.
“I was an upstanding state official. I was great at bootlicking, and so I rose rather quickly,” Yang said.
But when he crossed over from Shenzhen to Hong Kong in 1992, to take up a post ahead of the 1997 handover, he crossed into a world that seriously challenged his assumptions about China.
“By the time Hong Kong returned to the mainland, it was no longer possible for me to return to my old self,” he said. “I had already begun to think deeply about Hong Kong’s system of democracy and rule of law.”
Reflecting back on these experiences through posts like “Crossing the Bridge at Luohu” (魂断罗湖桥) is Yang Hengjun’s way of communicating his ideas about the importance of rule of law and democracy in China to his readers. And this, he believes, is a crucial part of the process of discussion and action by which China must write its own future.
“Many people don’t really have a strong concept of democracy,” he said. “But we can’t wait for our leaders to hand it to us. We must push through into our own future.”
[Posted by David Bandurski, March 15, 2010, 4:15pm HK]

Journalists issue open letter against Hubei governor

By David Bandurski — The Associated Press reported this weekend that China’s economy was the focus as this year’s session of the National People’s Congress wrapped up in Beijing. But it is the controversy over the heavy-handed tactics of Hubei governor and NPC delegate Li Hongzhong (李鸿忠), who upbraided a reporter and seized her digital recorder last week, that has arguably come to define the political meetings.
The Li Hongzhong controversy took another important turn over the past two days, as hundreds of journalists, scholars and activists signed an open letter to the NPC protesting Li’s actions and calling for a public apology and an official inquiry.
The list included several well-known journalists, including columnist Chang Ping (长平) and Hong Kong writer and television commentator Leung Man-tao (梁文道).
CMP director Qian Gang wrote last week about the Li Hongzhong outburst and the phrase “right to criticize,” which received much attention in the media last week after appearing in Premier Wen Jiabao’s report. We also point readers to CDT’s round up of Chinese media criticisms of Li Hongzhong.
Our translation of the open letter follows:

Letter to the NPC on the Li Hongzhong Affair
Creating the conditions under which the people can criticize and monitor the government was an idea written into the government work report at this year’s National People’s Congress. Wen Jiabao’s words were still ringing in our ears when Hubei Governor Li Hongzhong (李鸿忠) robbed a reporter of her recording device. A public outcry followed, and after the initial shock of the act itself, we had [Li Hongzhong’s] chillingly sophistic [explanation to reporters] that, “We were concerned that she might not be a [real] reporter, and so we took her digital recorder to look into the matter.” How could anyone with a conscience not be angered at this blatant repudiation of a government commitment by a high official on the hallowed grounds of the national meetings?
A string of sensational events concerning the people’s livelihood have occurred in Hubei under Li Hongzhong’s leadership. In the Deng Yujiao (邓玉娇) case, awful crimes were perpetrated by township officials. Local leaders turned their special privileges to deception, leveling charges of murder against the victim in the case. They drove reporters away, beat them, put them under surveillance, trampling on rule of law to cover up their own official misdeeds. The Shishou Incident (石首事件) erupted into street riots. Li Hongzhong shirked responsibility in the early stages, and afterwards strove to clear away the damage, but bitterness still has yet to subside . . .
The “two meetings” are a time when the public inquires into affairs of the nation. As a delegate to the National People’s Congress, Li Hongzhong should attend to the strengths and shortcomings of the ruling party and have regard for the public good. Li Hongzhong’s words depart from civilized political conduct and flirt with personal arrogance. The robbing [of the reporter’s recording device] victimized not only the reporter herself. The incident was a setback for the rights of the media, for the public’s right to know, for China’s national image, and it brought shame to the hall [where delegates were assembled]. Li’s actions undermined the faith of the public, damaged the dignity of the NPC, and abused the image of the nation, the party and the people.
China’s constitution extends to the media and to the people the right to inquire into political affairs, and protest is justified when power flagrantly tramples on those rights. Action is far better than sitting back and posturing. Elder journalists such as Zhou Ruijin (周瑞金) have spoken out, and Zhong Peizhang (钟沛璋), former director of the News Bureau of the Central Propaganda Department, has shouted out [in protest] from his sick bed.
We intellectuals and members of the media hereby issue this solemn appeal and stand against this outrage, denouncing together the disgusting influence of the Li Hongzhong affair. Journalists of all description, from newspapers, magazines, television and radio, the Internet and social media, north and south united, we call on you to staunchly report the events that follow up this [affair], engaging this battle for our rights and interests. We hope to make a rallying cry of solidarity among journalists, and we welcome citizens to add their support. These actions are intolerable, and they must not be tolerated (忍无可忍,无须再忍). Let the whole world know that there are journalists here. Let the whole world know that there are journalists of character. And let the world understand even more that there is such a thing as civil rights. Li has made his anger heard, and now we must let him hear and see the outrage of the news media, and the anger of the public . . .
Therefore, we earnestly entreat the Bureau and Secretariat of the National People’s Congress to give special attention to further developments in the Li Hongzhong affair, to review Li Hongzhong statements, and to launch a special investigation into the full facts in the case of Li Hongzhong’s seizure of the reporter’s digital recorder. Li Hongzhong should be obligated to issue a public apology, and relevant procedures should be seriously studied for [Li’s] removal from his positions as governor and delegate.
Colleagues in the media, our protest must not be made in light of the prospects of victory, but must call on our consciences. This act of protest concerns the dignity of our industry, and it is a test of our conscience . . . Social justice and moral conscience must not be trampled again and again. Let us lift the banner of justice together, and care for our fellows. The battle for the dignity of the press is also a fight for the dignity of the people.

The following is the list of signatures on the open letter as of 9:30am on March 13, 2010:

A
阿 丁 北京 (媒体人)
C
蔡淑芳 香港 (自由撰稿人)
蔡 战  广州 (公民)
长平  广州 (媒体人)
陈鸣   北京 (媒体人)
陈宇  广州 (媒体人)
谌彦辉   (媒体人)
陈云飞 成都 (维权人士)
D
邓飞  北京 (媒体人)
邓璟  杭州 (媒体人)
邓丽  上海 (媒体人)
邓潇翔 湖南 (媒体人)
邓志新 广州 (媒体人)
杜冬劲 上海 (资讯业)
杜婷  香港 (媒体人)
杜宇飞 成都 (媒体人)
F
丰鸿平 北京 (媒体人)
冯翔  北京 (媒体人)
G
高明 上海 (公关人)
高岩     (媒体人)
顾艳玲 湖南 (公民)
郭敏 云南 (媒体人)
郭庆海(柏墉) 曼谷 (新闻评论人)
郭涛涛 北京 (媒体人)
郭宇宽 北京 (媒体人)
H
韩浩月 北京 (文化评论人)
韓洪剛 广州 (媒体人)
华 泽 北京 (媒体人)
何中州 北京 (媒体人)
胡泳  北京 (新媒体研究者)
黄瀚  上海 (媒体人)
J
贾葭  北京 (媒体人)
江南藜果 广州 (前报人)
蒋兆勇 香港 (媒体人)
酱离个紫 广州 (网络媒体人)
吉四六 北京 (媒体人)
K
康不德 广州 (媒体人)
L
李军  广州 (媒体人)
李霞  广州 (媒体人)
李 维 安徽 (媒体人)
李治权 杭州 (互联网)
厉志刚 北京 (媒体人)
梁文道 香港 (媒体人)
廖世杰    (媒体人)
令狐补充 广州(媒体人)
刘芳 北京 (媒体人)
刘莉 北京 (媒体人)
刘明鑫 山东 (新闻系学生)
刘柠 北京 (专栏作家)
刘 洋 辽宁 (公民)
吕宗恕 北京 (媒体人)
M
马俊河    (媒体人)
麦嘈 广州 (文化批评学者)
孟浩 广州 (政协常委)
N
倪方六 香港 (媒体人)
P
潘葱霞 广州 (媒体人)
潘国瑛 济南 (媒体人)
彭美 北京 (媒体人)
彭伟步 广州 (学者)
彭晓芸 广州 (媒体人)
Q
钱仲青 北京 (媒体人)
邱 锐 北京 (公民)
R
冉云飞 成都 (维权人士)
S
沙叶新 (作家)
上官本寂 广州 (媒体人)
沈峥 北京 (媒体人)
石扉客 上海 (媒体人)
十年砍柴 北京 (时评人)
苏小和 北京 (财经作家)
T
谭 飞 北京 (媒体人)
谭人玮 广州 (媒体人)
唐骏 北京 (媒体人)
唐小唐 广州 (媒体人)
田 路 北京 (媒体人)
铁 流 北京 (老报人)
W
王 刚 北京 (NGO志愿者)
王吉陆 上海 (媒体人)
王晶  广州 (媒体人)
王楠杰 广州 (媒体人)
王鹏  兰州 (媒体人)
王琪  北京 (媒体人)
王垚懿 北京 (媒体人)
王寅 北京 (媒体人)
王则楚 广州 (前政协常委、政府参事)
王天定 西安 (新闻学院教授)
汪 洋 上海 (游戏行业)
文涛 北京 (媒体人)
X
夏心蕾 北京 (媒体人)
夏业良 北京 (经济学家)
笑蜀  广州 (媒体人)
谢良兵    (媒体人)
徐 震 上海 (互联网)
Y
阎克文 北京 (学者)
严晓霖    (媒体人)
杨立才 北京 (艺术家)
阳 淼 北京 (媒体人)
杨侗     (媒体人)
杨海鹏 上海 (媒体人)
杨锦麟 香港 (媒体人)
杨潇 北京 (媒体人)
杨伟焘 北京 (审计师)
杨 政 深圳 (媒体人)
杨子云 北京 (媒体人)
余以为 广州 (媒体人)
喻向阳    (网络媒体人)
袁新亭 广州 (媒体人)
Z
张大军 北京 (学者)

[Posted by David Bandurski, March 14, 2010, 2:37pm HK]

Free Lenovo laptops for delegates raise public concerns

By David Bandurski — As China’s annual National People’s Congress opened yesterday, many news headlines pounced on Premier Wen Jiabao’s remarks toward the end of his NPC report (see tab 11), in a section on anti-corruption, about the need for leaders to report their personal assets. But in the margins, commentators railed against shady practices nearer at hand — more than 2,000 laptop computers given away to delegates at the public’s expense.
The laptop story bubbled up out of China’s social media sphere back on March 2, when Chinese Internet users noted an odd mini blog entry from Zhang Xiaomei (张晓梅), a delegate to the Chinese People’s Political Consultative Conference (CPPCC) who is also the publisher of Beauty Fashion magazine. [See Zhang’s weblog here].
Zhang’s entries were succinct, mostly mundane summaries of preparations and speeches ahead of the two meetings.

CPPCC Chairman Tao says: being a national delegate to the CPPCC is a glorious mission, and a post for political participation and discussion. Sichuan party secretary Liu Qibao (刘奇葆) says: last year was the toughest year, this year is the most complex.

But in one entry she wrote: “When delegates report [to the meeting] they each get a laptop computer. What is different from last year is that this year these don’t need to be returned after we’re done with them. This is much more practical.

[ABOVE: CPPCC delegate Zhang Xiaomei casually revealed the practice of free laptops for delegates on her mini blog at Sina.com]



Web users were angry and incredulous. Free computers for delegates?
A Guangzhou Daily story on March 3 followed up on this news, and confirmed that CPPCC delegates were indeed being gifted with laptop computers:

This year the CPPCC is again giving out laptop computers, but unlike previous years, this year they do not need to be returned! CPPCC delegate Zhang Xiaomei revealed on her mini blog that, “When delegates report [to the meeting] they each get a laptop computer. What is different from last year is that this year these don’t need to be returned after we’re done with them. This is much more practical.” Yesterday evening, two CPPCC press liaisons confirmed to this newspaper’s reporter that the computers being handed out to delegates this year do not need to be returned.
Sitting on the registration table at the Beijing International Hotel is a document called “Notice on the Issuing of Laptop Computers to Delegates to the Third Session of the Eleventh CPPCC,” saying that delegates may take with them one laptop computer.



[ABOVE: Guangzhou Daily reports on free computers for CPPCC delegates at the top of its “two meetings” coverage in its March 3 edition.]



A commentary at Dahe Daily thought the policy stank of behind-the-scenes commercial dealings. They wanted to know who was cashing in on this government hand-out.

What brand of computers are being provided? How much for each one? I understand there are 5,100 delegates to the NPC and CPPCC, and if everyone is entitled to a laptop at 5,000 yuan a pop, that comes to 25 million yuan. 25 million yuan! That’s no small amount. I’m not sure how which brand managed to obtain this order. But I’m sure it wasn’t simple, and probably required slipping over a few red envelopes.

Well, as it turns out, they are gifting Lenovo laptops this year, as CPPCC delegate Zhang Jiaji (张嘉极) confirmed to the Guangzhou Daily reporter.
And that must be music to the ears of NPC delegate Liu Chuanzhi (柳传志) and CPPCC delegate Yang Yuanqing (杨元庆), who are respectively the CEO and board chairman of Lenovo Group. Together, incidentally, they make up one-third of delegates to the “two meetings” from the IT sector.
Internet users quickly estimated that more than 2,000 laptops for the CPPCC, at an estimated value of 5,000 yuan each, would cost — presumably, the taxpayer — upwards of 10 million yuan, or roughly 1.5 million US dollars. And if laptops were being given to delegates to both of the “two meetings,” including NPC delegates, that would mean, as Dahe Daily said, about 5,100 computers for a total of around 25 million yuan.
Shortly after the Guangzhou Daily story appeared on March 3, an open letter appeared online protesting the irresponsible decision to hand out free computers to delegates:

In short, as the haze of the financial crisis has still not cleared, and state funds are of a limited nature, as the people are beset with immediate concerns . . . this action shows little consideration for the livelihood of the people, and is a political misstep.

Lawyer and editorial writer Yang Tao (杨涛) wrote on his QQ blog that clean governance should begin with small and immediate details — like not accepting unreasonable gifts.

Lately, we have entered the age of the computer and the Internet. For the sake of convenience in their work, it may be understandable for the organizers of the ‘two meetings’ to temporarily provide computers for delegates . . . The problem is, why is it that these computers do not need to be returned after they have been used? . . .
And so, I entreat our delegates and committee members to begin [their concern for clean government] by monitoring those things right next to them. They should say “NO” to those things that may be personally beneficial to them, but which are unfair and unreasonable. Let our government organs revive the slogan, “Thriftiness in holding the two meetings”!

In an interview with Jian Guangzhou (简光洲), the reporter for Shanghai’s Oriental Morning Post who broke the poisoned milk scandal back in late 2008, Zhang Xiaomei defended the handing out of laptops as an act promoting the use of computers at the political session.

Jian Guangzhou: But delegates generally have their own laptops. Do you think that by giving each [delegate] a new one, the state will be seen as wasting taxpayers’ money?
Zhang Xiaomei: Sure, delegates are able to buy them. But giving computers at the meetings will generate a certain atmosphere, with everybody using them. This serves to promote the idea.
Jian Guangzhou: Is this money also figured into the budget for the CPPCC session?
Zhang Xiaomei: This is something we don’t know.

Apparently, this is not the first government computer giveaway this year. Guangzhou’s Yangcheng Evening News reported back on January 19 that Beijing’s Haidian District had purchased 750 laptop computers for its people’s congress and consultative congress delegates, at a total cost of around five million yuan.
An opinion piece in Guangzhou Daily railed against this action. While Haidian District officials explained that this was a move to “save on the cost of paper,” an explanation that has also been given this week, Guangzhou Daily countered that delegates would fall into one of two categories. Either they would already have computers, bought personally or provided by their work units. Or they would not have computers, in which case they would probably be unable to use them properly anyway.
So what brand of laptop do Haidian District delegates now have sitting in their homes? See for yourself, courtesy of Yangcheng Evening News.


[Posted by David Bandurski, March 6, 2010, 12:06am HK]

[Frontpage image by Masaru Kamikura available at Flickr.com under Creative Commons license.]