Signaling the determination of top Chinese leaders to control and “guide” public opinion during what they regard as a sensitive year politically, the official People’s Daily ran an article on its “theory” page today emphasizing that control of speech was critical in the Party’s grand project of building a “harmonious society”. [BELOW: Screenshot of coverage of the People’s Daily article on Sohu.com’s domestic news page].
The People’s Daily article appeared on a number of major Web portals today, including Sina.com and Sohu.com.
“Guidance of public opinion”, China’s supreme buzzword for control of speech and the press, came into prominence following the massacre of demonstrators in Beijing on June 4, 1989. Leaders elevated to power in the aftermath of “June 4”, including former President Jiang Zemin, blamed the chaos in large part on Zhao Ziyang, whose tolerant attitude toward the news media, said his critics, had “guided matters in the wrong direction”.
While “guidance of public opinion” remains a key term in China’s press control regime, its use has declined in recent months, apparently an attempt by the leadership to take a more subtle and concealed approach to press control.
Translated portions of the People’s Daily article follow:
————–
“Correct Guidance of Ideology and Public Opinion is an Important Factor in the Harmony of Society”
Why does [the 16th Central Committee of the Communist Party] ‘Decision’ state that “correct guidance of ideology and public opinion is an important factor in promoting social harmony”?
 A series of discussions studying the ‘Decision’ of the 16th Central Committee of the Communist Party
BY Zheng Xiangdong (郑向东)
Question: The 16th Central Committee of the Communist Party] ‘Decision’ states that: “Correct guidance of ideology and public opinion is an important factor in promoting social harmony.” Why is this?
Answer: This is the correct conclusion drawn on the basis of summarizing our historical experience. It deeply underscores the important role of guidance of ideology and public opinion in the promotion of a harmonious society, and defines a clear direction for news media, publishing, broadcasting and cinema, literature and the arts, and the social sciences in serving the building of a harmonious society.
Opinion is either true or false. Information is either good or bad. Historical experience demonstrates that correct guidance of public opinion is a blessing for the Party and the people; when guidance of public opinion is wrong, this is a misfortune for the Party and the people. Particularly as information flow increases, as the avenues and methods for obtaining information grow daily more diverse, correct guidance of ideology and public opinion is irreplaceably useful in helping people understand the Party’s propositions, accept scientific theory [i.e., CCP rationality], be clear about their own responsibility, distinguish right from wrong and twisted from straight, judge between good and evil, between sublime and foul, foster good behavior and morals as the order of the day, waken the creative energies of society, continuously promote social harmony and other areas. Specifically, the utility of correct guidance of ideology and public opinion is evinced in the following few areas:
… The “Decision’ raises the target task of building a Socialist Harmonious Society by 2020. The achievement of this target task will require uniting all of those powers that can be united, mobilizing all of the active factors, making a common effort, struggling tirelessly. Cleaving to correct guidance of ideology and public opinion, accurately, clearly and actively interpreting the policy of building a Socialist Harmonious Society, urgently, truly and thoroughly propagandizing new achievements, new experiences and new developments in the building of a harmonious society, creating a rich environment of ‘everyone having responsibility for the building of a harmonious society’ and ‘everyone benefits from a harmonious society, benefits the ideological unification of the whole Party and whole people in the spirit of the ‘Decision’ …

The Beijing-based China Economic Times, a newspaper published by the Development Research Center (DRC) of China’s State Council, today criticized a proposal by CPPCC representative Yu Quanyu (喻权域) calling for the drafting of a law against seditious speech (惩治汉奸言论法) at China’s National People’s Congress, which is presently in session. [BELOW: Screenshot from www.mediaresearch.cn/ Yu Quanyu (in red square) reads his Little Red Book at a media research forum in 2002].
News of the proposal by Yu Quanyu, an outspoken Chinese leftist and opponent of press freedom in China, was reported yesterday in Hong Kong’s PRC-backed Wen Wei Po [Coverage from CMP]. As reported by Wen Wei Po, Yu Quanyu’s proposed law would target scholars and media that “twisted historical facts”, particularly surrounding important historical events such as the Japanese invasion of China.
The China Economic Times editorial argues that a law against “seditious speech” would be a violation of citizens’ rights under China’s constitution, and that a greater plurality of views should be tolerated in Chinese society. Portions follow:
The “two meetings” [NPC and CPPCC] are the biggest platform [in China] for the expression of political ideas, and representatives and executive committee members have sufficient freedom to express themselves.
However, just because ideas [may seem] politically rational doesn’t mean they are accurate or practicable. The “anti-seditious speech law” proposed to the National People’s Congress by Yu Quanyu, for example, deserves further discussion. First of all, concerning the research of history in China since the Opium War, this area has been quite lively in recent years, and some scholars have raised their own points of view at variance [with past accounts] and not overstepping the bounds of academic scholarship. Discussion among the people, even if it is this so-called “seditious” criticism, is all the same a sign of greater multiplicity and political tolerance in Chinese society. Therefore, the creation of any law to restrict the speech of the people, even if it is founded on moral precepts, is nevertheless a violation of our constitution. There is no way to make a balanced and objective determination of what amounts to “seditious speech”. We can only make such determinations through a highly-charged subjectivity. Therefore, the probable result [of such a law] is the conscious cover-up and suppression of normal civic discourse.

Hong Kong’s PRC-backed Wen Wei Po reported today that CPPCC representative Yu Quanyu (喻权域), an outspoken Chinese leftist and opponent of press freedom in China, plans to propose the drafting of a law against seditious speech (惩治汉奸言论法) at the National People’s Congress, which is presently in session. [Coverage at Tom.com].
In the 1980s, Yu Quanyu (now an executive committee member at the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences and a CPPCC representative) was an outspoken opponent of efforts by Hu Jiwei, Sun Xupei and others to create a press law protecting freedom of speech in China. He is also known as the author of the forward to the highly nationalistic 1996 bestseller China Can Say No.
According to the Wen Wei Po report, Yu Quanyu said some scholars had “twisted historical facts” in the name of academic research, particularly important historical events such as the Japanese invasion of China. China, Yu Quanyu reportedly said, should establish a law to deal specifically with such situations, seeking to “force those scholars and media” who have “reversed the verdict” on important historical incidents to “face responsibility and punishment in accordance with the law”.
[Posted by David Bandurski, March 5, 2007, 5:37pm]

Window on the South, a Chinese newsweekly published by the Nanfang Daily Group, launched a bold criticism today of China’s top broadcast supervisor, the State Administration of Radio, Film and Television (SARFT). [BELOW: Screenshot of coverage at China.com.cn of SARFT deputy minister Zhao Shi attending a news conference in September 2006].
Headlined “SARFT Bans Just Keep Coming: The Politics of TV Dramas Reflects Cultural Predicament”, today’s article criticizes the cultural upshot of official policies emphasizing control and at the same time pushing the commercialization of culture.
The article, which ran also on a number of major Web portals today, responds to a wave of recent bans from broadcast minders at SARFT, including an announcement back in January that only television dramas cleaving to the Party’s “main theme” would air during prime time in 2007 [Coverage from CMP]. The language “carry forward the main theme” (弘扬主旋律) is an unambiguous Communist Party buzzword, encapsulating the notions of Party control, the supremacy of Marxism, the central position of heroic Party figures, and other key concepts, in an analogy to orchestral music.
The Window on the South article begins: “In the last two years, the impact of the people over at SARFT could be said to be inextricably linked with the ‘ban’. Despite the fact that [orders] against speaking regional dialects [on TV] aren’t guaranteed to promote Mandarin in China, that [orders] against filming scenes of extramarital affairs won’t necessarily save those marriages of poor quality, that [orders] against airing foreign-produced dramas during prime time clearly do nothing to help promote national pride, bans of this kind are still coming wave upon wave” (禁令仍然层出不穷).
The article offers strong criticism of the flood of commercially-oriented period dramas set in imperial China (all, of course, SARFT approved), and asks: “Why is it that these [TV dramas] singing the praises of imperial power and celebrating violence get such strong ratings? Is it because they are supported by a great number of people who have this kind of feudal consciousness [respecting people with power and status], or is it because these types of dramas are creating a mass of modern feudals?”
The author’s implication seems to be that continued SARFT “bans” and the resulting “main theme” culture are pandering to, or perhaps even fostering, Chinese with a feudal mindset (臣民意识) versus a modern civic mindset (公民意识).
The author then poses the critical question: “In the present political climate, how can China’s cultural system (破冰) break through the ice? How can China’s cultural market free itself? And how can China’s cultural products walk out toward the wider world?”
The article, which ran on a number of mainland Websites, including Sina.com and Enorth.com.cn, appeared briefly this morning among the top headlines on Sina.com’s newspage, but was pushed to the back pages by early afternoon.

February 27 — In a move that should be felt strongly by the likes of Hunan TV’s “Super Girl”, the originator of mainland television shows styled after the popular U.S. competition show American Idol, and Shanghai Media Group’s “Good Man”, China’s top broadcast regulator announced a new regulation requiring all domestic TV networks with national satellite coverage to limit the duration of “competition shows” (选秀节目) to just two and a half months. [Coverage from CMP].
February 28 — Following on the heels of yesterday’s curbs on popular TV “competition shows”, China’s top broadcast regulator took aim at the growing trend of domestic TV stations poaching Hong Kong television talent, according to domestic Chinese media. Officials have since denied media reports of curbs on hiring of Hong Kong TV hosts. [Coverage from CMP].
February 28 — Fielding questions from Chinese reporters at a news conference, the mayor of Chongqing Municipality said Lan Qinghua (蓝庆华), the county official responsible for illegally jailing the author of a critical mobile phone message back in September 2006, had recently been offered a new post because he had “work ability”. The news, reported in The Beijing News, angered Chinese Web users. After a simple announcement from Chongqing Morning Post on February 17 that Lan Qinghua, the former party secretary of Chongqing’s Pengshui County, had been appointed vice director of Chongqing’s statistical bureau, The Beijing News and Southern Metropolis Daily reported the story with bold headlines: “‘Law-violating Party Secretary’ in ‘Pengshui Poetry Case’, Lan Qinghua, Takes Up New Appointment”. [Coverage from CMP].
February 28 — The “news extortion” case of Meng Huaihu (孟怀虎), former Zhejiang bureau chief for China Commercial Times, was heard on appeal in a Zhejiang court as prosecutors insisted the first instance court was wrong in finding the defendant guilty solely of “extortion”, and the defendant argued his sentence was unduly harsh, according to China News Service. Key to deliberations was the question of whether Meng, as an employee for state-owned media, should be dealt with as a government worker or an ordinary citizen. [Coverage from CMP].

The “news extortion” case of Meng Huaihu (孟怀虎), former Zhejiang bureau chief for China Commercial Times, was heard on appeal in a Zhejiang court today as prosecutors insisted the first instance court was wrong in finding the defendant guilty solely of “extortion”, and the defendant argued his sentence was unduly harsh, according to China News Service.
Key to deliberations was the question of whether Meng, as an employee for state-owned media, should be dealt with as a government worker or an ordinary citizen. [BELOW: Screenshot of news coverage of the Meng Huaihu case at QQ.com].
Meng Huaihu was sentenced to seven years in jail by a Hangzhou court on November 30, 2006, and ordered to return to “injured parties” 630,000 yuan he had allegedly extorted. Meng appealed the verdict.
In echoes of the recent Lan Chengzhang story, which also concerned news extortion and sparked a debate over what it means to be a “journalist” in China, prosecutors argued on appeal today that as a journalist employed by state-owned media (国有媒体) Meng Huaihu’s situation under the law was different from that of a “freelance writer” (自由撰稿人). Meng Huaihu was invested by the state, said prosecutors, with the power to conduct “supervision by public opinion” (舆论监督), or “watchdog journalism”, which they called “a classic form of public power”. Meng’s crime was therefore tantamount to [the common executive offense] of bribery, even if it had all the hallmarks of extortion. As bribery was a far more serious crime, with deeper political impact and more damaging to society, this should be reflected in Meng Huaihu’s sentence, prosecutors argued.
According to the China News Service report, Meng Huaihu answered the arguments of the prosecution by saying his sentence was unduly harsh, and that as Chinese media laws were imperfect on this point he should not be asked to bear sole responsibility.
China Commercial Times is a Beijing-based business paper published by the All-China Federation of Industry and Commerce (ACFIC).
Meng was quietly removed from his position in 2005 after allegedly trying to force an advertising contract from China Petroleum and Chemical Company (Sinopec) by threatening to write a negative news report. China issued a ban on news coverage of the affair, and for months the only trace remaining of the China Commercial Times incident was a report from September 2005 in which ACFIC’s chairman called the incident “a painful lesson” and vowed the paper would clean up its act by “grasping the lessons of the Marxist View of Journalism, [former President Jiang Zemin’s] Three Represents and the Three Lessons [training program for media personnel, which emphasizes upholding the Party’s principles in news work].”
In May 2006, Meng Huaihu suddenly surfaced again in an official Xinhua news bulletin detailing acts of news extortion (新闻敲诈) allegedly carried out by journalists from the provincial bureaus of four Beijing-based newspapers, including China Commercial Times. The bulletin was a stern warning to newspapers in China to clean up their regional news bureaus [Coverage from CMP]. [Coverage from ESWN].[Coverage from South China Morning Post].
[Posted by David Bandurski, February 28, 2007, 9:02pm]

southern-metropolis-daily-pdf.pdf
Fielding questions from Chinese reporters at a news conference yesterday, the mayor of Chongqing Municipality said Lan Qinghua (蓝庆华), the county official responsible for illegally jailing the author of a critical mobile phone message back in September 2006, had recently been offered a new post because he had “work ability”. The news, reported in today’s The Beijing News, angered Chinese Web users. [Coverage of original SMS case from Danwei.org]. [Follow-up coverage from the Washington Post]. [PDF: UPDATE/March 1, 2007, editorial in Southern Metropolis Daily: “[Idea that] lateral reappointment is “punishment” reveals hidden game rules of officialdom”].
After a simple announcement from Chongqing Morning Post on February 17 that Lan Qinghua, the former party secretary of Chongqing’s Pengshui County, had been appointed vice director of Chongqing’s statistical bureau, The Beijing News and Southern Metropolis Daily reported the story with bold headlines: “‘Law-violating Party Secretary’ in ‘Pengshui Poetry Case’, Lan Qinghua, Takes Up New Appointment”. That story, like today’s, drew anger from Web users after it was splashed across major Web portals in China [See story at Chinanews.com.cn]. [See Global Voices Online and RFA Unplugged for summaries of last week’s news on the Lan Qinghua appointment].
Lan Qinghua had was removed from his post as Pengshui County’s party secretary in December 2006 following a national investigation into the illegal jailing of Qin Zhongfei (秦中飞), the local government worker who had authored the SMS poem that angered Lan Qinghua and other leaders.
Speaking with reporters yesterday and responding to recent criticism of Lan’s reassignment in the national media, Chongqing Mayor Wang Hongju (王鸿举) reportedly said that considering Lan Qinghua’s work abilities they could not let him go without work (考虑到蓝庆华的工作能力,不能让他没有工作). Wang Hongju also said that because Lan Qinghua’s move did not involve either a promotion or demotion — he remains at the deputy departmental, or futingji (副厅级) level — public notification of the decision had not been necessary.
As of 12pm, 1,893 Web postings had been made in response to the news at Sina.com, a popular Chinese Web portal. By 12:30pm that number had grown to over 2,100 (NOTE: postings are routinely removed by Website operators at the request of censors). Postings, like the following examples, uniformly denounced the mayor’s defense of Lan Qinghua:
From IP:219.129.103: “Considering Lan Qinghua’s work ability, we can’t let him be without work”. This is classic official protecting official … What are we using to determine he has “work ability”? Whatever you [Wang Hongju] say goes? If he has work ability let him go work as an ordinary civil servant. Can a corrupt official not be knocked down just because of the phrase “he has work ability”? Doesn’t former National Bureau of Statistics chief Qiu Xiaohua (邱晓华) [an official implicated in the Shanghai pensions scandal] have work ability? Doesn’t Liu Qingshan (刘青山) [an official executed for corruption] have work ability? It looks like China needs a hurricane in the leadership ranks to sweep up all of these officials who protect one another.
From IP:61.178.204: Chongqing mayor Wang Hongju is definitely a corrupt person who flouts the law. That someone like this can serve as mayor! Just everyone watch if you don’t believe it — in two years Wang Hongju will be detained by discipline inspection authorities.
From IP:61.173.110: Without open and impartial elections there’s no way China can democratize. I think if there was a fund set up devoted to researching how China can move from where it is now to democratic elections, I think a lot of people would donate. Without democratic elections there’s no way to have mayors who serve the people.
UPDATE: The following were among Web postings appearing after 2pm:
IP:218.15.209: Lan really does have ability. Just look: He made the Pengshui police pursue a fake case. He was able to make the mayor of Chongqing tell lies. He was able to organize the government to falsely punish him …. Lan, you really are too capable!!!!!!!! I think it’s the Chongqing mayor who doesn’t have ability. Let’s remove him for the people!! What does everyone think about that? If everyone agrees, we should just fire him from his post, because all rights in China belong to the people … All those in support “Ding” (顶）).
IP:61.53.194: Ding.
IP:219.148.142: “”Considering Lan Qinghua’s work ability, we can’t let him be without work”. Those are the true words of a treacherous court official!! Based on that logic I suggest the central party immediately return [former Shanghai party secretary] Chen Liangyu to his post — we can’t let him go without work. I suggest we release all of our criminals — we can’t let them go without work or liberty. This mayor should be sent off right away to be re-educated in the fields!
IP:222.183.121: There are so many laid-off workers out there! Now an official can commit errors and not lose his job, break the law and still draw a salary!
UPDATE 3:42pm, February 28
All Web postings for this news article at Sina.com were erased as of 3:42pm. Below is a screenshot of the postings page showing 0 results:
More Sources:
“Questioning the Granting of New Posts to Officials Removed in the “Pengshui Poetry Case”, Southern Metropolis Daily, February 25, 2007 (Chinese). [The editorial asks: “Did the principles in this case suppose that in taking their naivete to this level they would not draw fierce questioning from the public?”]
[Posted by David Bandurski, February 28, 2007, 12:47pm]

Following on the heels of yesterday’s curbs on popular TV “competition shows”, China’s top broadcast regulator took aim at the growing trend of domestic TV stations poaching Hong Kong television talent,.according to domestic media. [BELOW: Screenshot of coverage of SARFT regs on Hong Kong TV hosts at Eastday.com.cn].[UPDATE: SARFT denies there is a ban/March 2, 2007].

According to a report on Eastday.com.cn, China’s State Administration of Radio, Film and Television (SARFT) has issued new regulations specifying that TV hosts from Hong Kong may only appear as “special guests” on mainland programs, and may make no more than three consecutive appearances.
In recent years, Hong Kong television personalities have moved from being temporary guests on mainland shows to staying on, and figures like “Jacky” Wu Songxian (吴宗宪) and Cao Qitai (曹启泰) have become recognizable faces in mainland satellite television.
Chinese media quoted an insider at Hunan TV as saying SARFT has had regulations of this kind for some time, and that previously the regulator has said Hong Kong TV personalities may appear as “guests” only once a month, each guest making an appearance on only one program. Hunan TV said they had attempted to hire Mickey Huang (黄子佼) but had not gained approval from SARFT.
Shanghai Media Group’s CBN Channel has reportedly achieved success with its “Going to Work” program because of the popularity of Hong Kong personality Cao Qitai. If the SARFT curbs are carried out, this could force SMG to part with Cao, Chinese media reported.
In an update on yesterday’s story about SARFT limits on “competition shows”, Shanghai’s Youth Daily reported today that advertising revenue losses for satellite networks — including Hunan TV, SMG and CCTV — directly resulting from the SARFT policy could reach as high as 300 million yuan (US$40 million) [Coverage via Sohu.com].
More Sources:
Guangzhou Daily on SARFT HK Host Regulations, February 28, 2007
[Posted by David Bandurski, February 28, 2007, 11:07am]

In a move that should be felt strongly by the likes of Hunan TV‘s “Super Girl“, the originator of mainland television shows styled after the popular U.S. competition show American Idol, and Shanghai Media Group‘s “Good Man“, China’s top broadcast regulator announced a new regulation requiring all domestic TV networks with national satellite coverage to limit the duration of “competition shows” (选秀节目) to just two and a half months. [BELOW: Screenshot of Sina.com coverage of new SARFT regulations].

Shanghai’s Oriental Morning Post reported news of the new policy today, although no official release was apparently available from the government body responsible for the regulations, the State Administration of Radio, Film and Television (SARFT). Major Chinese Web portals also covered the story, with Sina.com placing it at the top of its news page today. A representative from Shanghai Media Group confirmed to Oriental Morning Post that the group had received notice of the regulations.
No reason was cited for the new regulations, but it is possible officials have taken the action to combat what some percieve to be a rise in popular media “sensationalism”. Popular media content has drawn some criticism from party leaders in recent years, as media groups have commercialized and pursued higher ratings. [BELOW: Screenshot of SARFT regulation coverage at top of news page at Sohu.com].

Schedules for Chinese competition shows have in the past run for a duration of about four and a half months, with “Super Girl” running from April 21 to September 29, “Good Man” running from April 8 to August 26, and CCTV’s “China Dream” running from April 16 to September 15, according to the Oriental Morning Post.
Web users at Sohu.com were invited to join their own competition of PRO’s and CON’s after reading the news story about the SARFT regulations. The PRO and CON positions were summarized on the site as follows:
PRO: This is good. Competition shows harm the healthy psychological development of youth. Now young people don’t think of working hard to achieve success, but want to become famous and rich overnight. This phenomenon is really scary.
CON: This is not good. Competition shows are entertainment programming and can give joy to viewers and make them happy. These TV networks have been successful in growing their influence by using their own creativity to build their own program brands.
[Posted by David Bandurski, February 27, 2007, 11:26am]